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<strong>第二页：DTD的完整例子</strong>
<p>下面是一个完整的例子。我把另一个菜谱加入文件内，并为<br>
DTD做了注释。可以注意到我在第二个菜谱中用到子条目。</p>
<pre><small><?xml version="1.0"?></small></pre>
<pre><small> <!--This starts the DTD. The first four lines address document structure--></small></pre>
<pre><small> <!DOCTYPE list [ </small></pre>
<pre><small> <!ELEMENT recipe (recipe_name, author, meal, ingredients,directions)> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <!ELEMENT ingredients (item+)> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <!ELEMENT meal (#PCDATA, course?)> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <!ELEMENT item (#PCDATA, sub_item*)> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <!--These are the remaining elements of the recipe tag --> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <!ELEMENT recipe_name (#PCDATA)> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <!ELEMENT author (#PCDATA)> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <!ELEMENT directions (#PCDATA)> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <!--The remaining element of the meal tag --> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <!ELEMENT course (#PCDATA)> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <!--The remaining element of the item tag --> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <!ELEMENT sub_item (#PCDATA)></small></pre>
<pre><small>]></small></pre>
<p> </p>
<pre><small><?xml version="1.0"?> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <list> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <recipe> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <author>Carol Schmidt</author> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <recipe_name>Chocolate Chip Bars</recipe_name> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <meal>Dinner </small></pre>
<pre><small> <course>Dessert</course> </small></pre>
<pre><small> </meal></small></pre>
<pre><small> <ingredients> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <item>2/3 C butter</item> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <item>2 C brown sugar</item> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <item>1 tsp vanilla</item> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <item>1 3/4 C unsifted all-purpose flour</item> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <item>1 1/2 tsp baking powder</item> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <item>1/2 tsp salt</item> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <item>3 eggs</item> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <item>1/2 C chopped nuts</item> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <item>2 cups (12-oz pkg.) semi-sweetchoc. chips</item> </small></pre>
<pre><small> </ingredients> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <directions></small></pre>
<pre><small> Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Melt butter; </small></pre>
<pre><small> combinewith brown sugar and vanilla in large mixing bowl.</small></pre>
<pre><small> Set aside to cool. Combine flour, baking powder, andsalt; </small></pre>
<pre><small> set aside.Add eggs to cooled sugar mixture; beat well. </small></pre>
<pre><small> Stir in reserved dry ingredients, nuts, and chips.</small></pre>
<pre><small> Spread in greased 13-by-9-inch pan. </small></pre>
<pre><small> Bake for 25 to 30minutes until golden brown; cool. </small></pre>
<pre><small> Cut into squares. </small></pre>
<pre><small> </directions> </small></pre>
<pre><small> </recipe> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <recipe> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <recipe_name>Pasta with tomato Sauce</recipe_name> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <meal>Dinner </small></pre>
<pre><small> <course>Entree</course> </small></pre>
<pre><small> </meal> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <ingredients> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <item>1 lb spaghetti</item> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <item>1 16-oz can diced tomatoes</item> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <item>4 cloves garlic</item> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <item>1 diced onion</item> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <item>Italian seasoning </small></pre>
<pre><small> <sub_item>oregano</sub_item> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <sub_item>basil</sub_item> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <sub_item>crushed red pepper</sub_item></small></pre>
<pre><small> </item> </small></pre>
<pre><small> </ingredients> </small></pre>
<pre><small> <directions></small></pre>
<pre><small> Boil pasta. Sauté garlic and onion. </small></pre>
<pre><small> Add tomatoes.Serve hot. </small></pre>
<pre><small> </directions> </small></pre>
<pre><small> </recipe></small></pre>
<pre><small></list></small></pre>
<p>既然有DTD，文档将被检查看是否符合DTD做出的限制。换句话<br>
说，我们要保证文档的有效性。</p>
<p>为了达到这个目的，我们需要另一个工具：有效性分析器。微软<br>
的<a href="http://www.microsoft.com/xml/parser/jparser.asp" target="_blank">MSXML</a>，一个基于Java的程序，使用容易又工作得很好。上面的<br>
文档经过这个程序的检查后没有发现错误。但是如果我检查一个<br>
ingredient标记符中没有包含条目的菜谱，将会返回以下信息：</p>
<tt>
<p><small>ingredients is not complete. Expected elements [item].</small></p>
</tt>
<p><a href="day2_3.html">>></a></p>
<p><strong>XML简介</strong><br>
<font color="#FF0000">第一页</font> <a href="day2_1.html">实现有效性</a><br>
<font color="#FF0000">第二页</font> DTD的完整例子<br>
<font color="#FF0000">第三页</font> <a href="day2_3.html">XML的未来</a></p>
<p>[<a href="day1_1.html">第1天</a>][第2天]</p>
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