windmeter - anemometer by infidigm.htm

这是一个有实用价值的制作。可记录 0-17米每秒的风速。可靠性高、架设容易、适用范围广。可存放30.46天的数据

to pin 1 on the circuit. Write the program <A 
href="http://www.infidigm.net/projects/windmeter/windmtr.hex">windmtr.hex</A> to 
the micro. Instructions are provided with the specific ISP programmer. If you 
make your own ISP, use <A href="http://www.lancos.com/prog.html">Pony Prog</A> 
which is free ISP software. The following Fuses must also be programmed for 
operation.<BR>
<P>For STK-500</P>
<UL>
  <LI>Brown-out detection level at VCC = 2.7V; 
  <LI>Brown-out detection enabled; 
  <LI>Watch-dog Timer always on; 
  <LI>Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.;Start-up time: 16K CK + 64ms; 
</LI></UL>For Pony Prog program the following fuses so their checkbox is checked 
and uncheck all others<BR>
<UL>
  <LI><B>WDTON</B> 
  <LI>SPIEN 
  <LI>BOOTSZ1 
  <LI>BOOTSZ2 
  <LI><B>BODEN</B> 
  <LI><B>CKSEL1</B> </LI></UL><BR>
<H3>The Program</H3>
<P><B>Only read this section if you wish to modify the program!</B><BR>The 
program is written in C. It consists of one C file and was written to be 
complied under the free AVR-GCC C compiler <A 
href="http://www.avrfreaks.net/AVRGCC/">(WinAVR 3.3 April. 04, 2004)</A>. Read 
the beginners guide to learn how to install GCC. Once you have GCC working, 
download the <A 
href="http://www.infidigm.net/projects/windmeter/windmtr.zip">Project Files for 
Programmers NotePad.</A> and unzip them to a directory of your choosing. Run 
Programmers NotePad ( /WinAVR/pn/pn.exe). In PN go "File--&gt;Open Project(s)" 
and select "windmeter.pnproj" in the directory where you unzipped "windmtr.zip". 
Open "windmtr.c by double clicking on it. Click "Tools--&gt;Make All" to test 
the Compiler. The program is well documented and self explanatory.</P>
<H3>Parts List</H3>The list includes all parts for the Windmeter electronics. 
All part numbers are for Digikey unless their is a link to another supplier. 
<TABLE>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD>Quantity</TD>
    <TD>Value</TD>
    <TD>Description</TD>
    <TD>Digikey Part No.</TD>
    <TD>Component</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>1</TD>
    <TD>ATmega8</TD>
    <TD>Microprocessor</TD>
    <TD>ATMEGA8L-8AI-ND</TD>
    <TD>U2</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>1</TD>
    <TD>Max3221</TD>
    <TD>1-CH RS-232</TD>
    <TD>296-9595-1-ND</TD>
    <TD>U1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>1</TD>
    <TD>MA785</TD>
    <TD>Schottky</TD>
    <TD>MA785CT-ND</TD>
    <TD>D1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>1</TD>
    <TD>DN6852</TD>
    <TD>Hall Effect Sensor</TD>
    <TD>DN6852A-ND</TD>
    <TD>U4</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>1</TD>
    <TD>LTC1474IS8-3.3</TD>
    <TD>Voltage Regulator</TD>
    <TD>LTC1474IS8-3.3-ND</TD>
    <TD>U3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>1</TD>
    <TD>MBR0520L</TD>
    <TD>Schottky 20v, 0.4A</TD>
    <TD>MBR0520LCT-ND</TD>
    <TD>D2</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><BR></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>1</TD>
    <TD>100uF</TD>
    <TD>Tantalum Cap</TD>
    <TD>399-1777-1-ND</TD>
    <TD>C12</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>9</TD>
    <TD>0.1uF</TD>
    <TD>SMD Cap</TD>
    <TD>PCC1828CT-ND</TD>
    <TD>C1-7,C11,C13</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>1</TD>
    <TD>10uF</TD>
    <TD>Tantalum Cap</TD>
    <TD>399-1786-1-ND</TD>
    <TD>C10</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>2</TD>
    <TD>22pF</TD>
    <TD>SMD Cap</TD>
    <TD>PCC220CNCT-ND</TD>
    <TD>C8,C9</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>1</TD>
    <TD>22K</TD>
    <TD>SMD Res</TD>
    <TD>P22KACT-ND</TD>
    <TD>R1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>1</TD>
    <TD>3.3K</TD>
    <TD>SMD Res</TD>
    <TD>P3.3KCCT-ND</TD>
    <TD>R2</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>1</TD>
    <TD>100K</TD>
    <TD>SMD Res</TD>
    <TD>P100KACT-ND</TD>
    <TD>R3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>1</TD>
    <TD>100uH</TD>
    <TD>SMD Inductor</TD>
    <TD>308-1185-1-ND</TD>
    <TD>L1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><BR></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>1</TD>
    <TD>4.096 Mhz</TD>
    <TD>Crystal</TD>
    <TD>300-6005-ND</TD>
    <TD>Y1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>1</TD>
    <TD>6 pin</TD>
    <TD>0.1" header 2x3</TD>
    <TD>WM6636-ND</TD>
    <TD>Prog Port</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>1</TD>
    <TD>9 pin</TD>
    <TD>DB-9 Connector</TD>
    <TD>A2043-ND</TD>
    <TD></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>1</TD>
    <TD>12v, 2.2Ahr</TD>
    <TD>Sealed Lead Battery</TD>
    <TD>P171-ND</TD>
    <TD></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>1</TD>
    <TD>4x6" Pre-syn. PCB</TD>
    <TD>MG Chemicals</TD>
    <TD>687</TD>
    <TD><A href="http://www.future-active.com/">Active</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>1</TD>
    <TD>1 Watt, 12v</TD>
    <TD>Solar 12v charger</TD>
    <TD>0111584P</TD>
    <TD><A href="http://www.canadiantire.ca/">Canadian Tire</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>1</TD>
    <TD>~ 8mm dia</TD>
    <TD>N - S Magnet</TD>
    <TD></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<H3>Tools and Supplies for circuit assembly</H3>
<UL>
  <LI>Soldering Iron (35 watt) with fine tip. 
  <LI>Solder Sucker 
  <LI>Solder (Better quality than Radio Shack) 
  <LI>Drill / Drill Press 
  <LI>aprx. 35 thou drill bit 
  <LI>3/16" drill bit 
  <LI>AVR ISP Programmer </LI></UL><BR><BR>
<H3>Files</H3>
<P><A href="http://www.infidigm.net/projects/windmeter/wmsch.jpg">Windmeter 
Schematic</A><BR><A 
href="http://www.infidigm.net/projects/windmeter/wmpcb.pdf">PCB Layout</A> <A 
href="http://www.infidigm.net/projects/windmeter/wmpcbmr.pdf">(Mirror 
image)</A><BR><A 
href="http://www.infidigm.net/projects/windmeter/wmpp.jpg">Parts Placement 
diagram</A><BR><A 
href="http://www.infidigm.net/projects/windmeter/windmtr.zip">All Program 
Project Files.</A><BR><A 
href="http://www.infidigm.net/projects/windmeter/windmtr.c">C Source 
Code</A><BR><A href="http://www.infidigm.net/projects/windmeter/windmtr.hex">Hex 
file for ATmega8</A></P>
<P><A 
href="http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc2486.pdf">ATmega8 
Data Sheet (Microprocessor)</A><BR><A 
href="http://rocky.digikey.com/WebLib/Texas%20Instruments/Web%20data/max3221.pdf">MAX3221 
Data Sheet (RS232 Line driver)</A><BR><A 
href="http://rocky.digikey.com/WebLib/Linear%20Tech%20Web%20Data/LTC1474,%20LTC1475.pdf">Switching 
Regulator Data Sheet</A></P>
<H2>Calibration and Usage</H2>
<H3>Usage</H3>
<P>Once the Windmeter is fully assembled, connect it to a laptop or computer via 
the 9-pin serial port. Open the program Hyper Terminal. Set up a Direct 
connection for the COMM port that the Windmeter is connected to for 2400-8-N. Go 
File--&gt;Properties--&gt;Settings Tab--&gt;ASCII Setup Button, and under ASCII 
receiving click 'Append line feeds to incoming line ends'. 'OK' back to the main 
screen. Pressing any key will cause the menu to appear. The menu has 7 options. 
Each option is selected by pressing the corresponding key. Be sure that Caps 
Lock is turned off.</P>
<UL>
  <LI><B>[g]et data</B> Pressing 'g' will prompt for which month to get the data 
  for. Use the arrow keys to select the appropriate month and then press Enter. 
  The recorded speed distribution for the corresponding month is displayed as 
  well as with the maximum speed for that month. 
  <LI><B>[s]et month</B> Pressing 's' will prompt for which month to begin 
  logging at. Use the arrow keys to select the appropriate month and then press 
  Enter. What ever data is in the month that is selected is cleared to zero. 
  This function is used to sync the Windmeter with the calendar. 
  <LI><B>[m]slope</B> Pressing 'm' allows programming of the slope variable. It 
  is used by the Windmeter to calculate speed. This allows calibration. The 
  value of m can be determined in the Calibration section. m is written to 
  EEPROM so it's value is preserved during power loss. 
  <LI><B>[b]offset</B> Pressing 'b' allows programming of the offset variable. 
  It is used by the Windmeter to calculate speed. This allows calibration. The 
  value of b can be determined in the Calibration section. b is written to 
  EEPROM so it's value is preserved during power loss. 
  <LI><B>[t]toggle calibration mode</B> Pressing 't' will toggle calibration 
  mode ON and OFF. When in calibration mode a 5 digit number is displayed once 
  per revolution of the Windmeter. This number represents the time it takes for 
  one revolution. The data is used in the Calibration section for determining 
  variables m and b. 
  <LI><B>[v]batt</B> Pressing 'v' shows the supply voltage from the battery and 
  solar cell. A fully charged battery should measure around 12.85v (in the 
  dark). A very low charge is 11.65 or less. In the sunlight, the supply voltage 
  can measure between 12.5 - 14 volts. 
  <LI><B>[r]eset</B> Pressing 'r' resets the device thus restarting the program. 
  </LI></UL><BR><BR>
<P>The windmeter also displays the current wind speed, number of days logged for 
the month and gives reset indication. Reset notification is necessary because 
thier is some data lost if a reset has occurred. Resets are caused by power loss 
or by a very close lightning strike.</P>
<H3>Calibration</H3><IMG height=248 
src="Windmeter - Anemometer by Infidigm.files/cal.jpg" width=300 align=right> 
<P>Calibration of the Windmeter requires two people and a few steps. It can be 
done with a car or truck on the day with no wind. If possible check the 
speedometer of your vehicle with a GPS receiver. Begin by mounting the Windmeter 
1 meter/yard above the top of the vehicle. This will avoid effects from the 
vehicles aerodynamics. Connect the Windmeter to a laptop and put it into 
calibration mode. Get one person to drive and the other to record data (A good 
safety consideration). Bring the vehicle to 10 km/hr and wait for the Windmeter 
readings to stabilize. Record three samples in the <A 
href="http://www.infidigm.net/projects/windmeter/cal.xls">provided Excel 
Spreadsheet</A>. Bring the vehicle to 15 km/hr and repeat until the spreadsheet 
is filled.</P>
<P>Once the spreadsheets is filled out, 'm' and 'b' can be determined. The 
entered data should have formed something close to a straight line. Start by 
adjusting 'm' on the spreadsheet so that the slope of the ideal line and the 
measured line are the same. Next adjust 'b' so that the measured line moves 
overtop of (eclipses) the ideal line. The goal of this process is to align the 
measured line with the ideal line as close as possible. Repeatedly adjust 'm' 
and 'b' until you are satisfied. Program 'm' and 'b' into the Windmeter and turn 
Calibration mode off. The Windmeter is now ready for installation.</P>
<H3>Lightning Protection</H3><A 
href="http://www.infidigm.net/projects/windmeter/lightning.jpg"><IMG height=129 
src="Windmeter - Anemometer by Infidigm.files/lightning-s.jpg" width=173 
align=right></A> 
<P>Lightning protection is mandatory because the serial cable runs from the top 
of the tower to the bottom. This is a very attractive path for lightning. 
Protection is accomplished by placing a large metal object (long rod, sheet 
metal, car springs) half a meter/yard in the ground beside the tower. It is 
recommended that salt be sprinkled around the metal to help conduction into the 
ground. Attach a steel rod (2 - 5 cm in dia, &gt; 30 cm in length) to the back 
of the ply-wood box on the Windmeter. Connect the rod and the metal object in 
the ground with at least 1/4" aircraft cable. This method will provide a better, 
more attractive path in the event of a lightning strike.</P>
<P>For other alternative energy projects not on this site, please visit <A 
href="http://www.homepower.com/">Home Power</A> and <A 
href="http://www.otherpower.com/">OtherPower</A></P></BODY></HTML>