📄 第07章 通道蒙板.htm
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<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择图形绘制工具，并在工具选项<span class=GramE>栏选择形状图层</span>，在图像上绘制直线或几何图形时，</span><span
lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>自动创建新图层，并在该图层上创建<span
class=GramE>图层矢量蒙版</span>。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>7.3.2<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>编辑蒙版</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span class=GramE><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>创建蒙版的</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>目的是为了方便创建与修改选区，然后对选区的图像进行处理。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 利用<span class=GramE>图层蒙版创建</span>选区</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>利用显示<span class=GramE>图层的图层蒙版可以</span>创建选区。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>选定要创建<span
class=GramE>图层蒙版的图层</span>，单击图层面板下部的创建<span class=GramE>图层蒙版</span>按钮，创建一个显示整个<span
class=GramE>图层的图层蒙版</span>，将工具箱中的前景色与背景色设置为默认的黑白色，单击转换前景色与背景色的按钮，用黑色做前景色，选取画笔工具，在工具选项栏中选取较小像素的画笔，<span
class=GramE>沿要遮盖</span>的区域边缘描绘出大致的轮廓线，然后选取较大像素的画笔，在<span class=GramE>轮廓线要遮盖</span>图像的区域涂绘。虽然选取的是黑色前景色，但描绘的轮廓线和涂绘的颜色在图像上显示为白色，而在图<span
class=GramE>层面板则显示</span>为黑色，表示将图像遮盖。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 利用<span class=GramE>图层蒙版修改</span>选区</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>利用<span class=GramE>蒙版可以</span>修改选区。以显示选区的<span class=GramE>图层蒙版</span>为例，当将选区创建为<span
class=GramE>图层蒙版</span>后，可以在<span class=GramE>图层蒙</span>版中修改选区。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>将前景色设置为白色，选取工具箱中的画笔工具，用画笔描绘，这实际上是扩大选区。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>设置前景色为黑色，用画笔将多余的显示区域涂抹掉，这实际上是为了精确选取而缩减选区。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 编辑修改矢量蒙版中的图形</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>创建<span class=GramE>矢量蒙版后</span>，可以编辑修改矢量蒙版中的图形。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在图层面板选中矢量蒙版图标，可以移动矢量图形修改矢量图形，具体内容将在路径章节中介绍。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>7.3.3<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
class=GramE><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>蒙版的</span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>其他编辑操作</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>对<span class=GramE>图层蒙版</span>和矢量<span class=GramE>蒙版可以</span>进行显示隐藏、取消与恢复<span
class=GramE>图层与蒙版</span>的链接、应用与删除等操作。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 显示与隐藏蒙版</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选中<span class=GramE>图层蒙版所在图层</span>，选择菜单中的“图层”</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“停用图层蒙版”或“图层”</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“启用图层蒙版”命令，显示或隐藏<span
class=GramE>图层蒙版</span>。<span class=GramE>当图层蒙版处于</span>显示状态时，“图层”菜单中显示的是“停用图层蒙版”命令，<span
class=GramE>当图层蒙版处于</span>隐藏状态时，“图层”菜单中显示的“启用图层蒙版”命令。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选中矢量<span class=GramE>蒙版所在图层</span>，选择菜单中的“图层”</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“停用矢量蒙版”或“图层”</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“启用矢量蒙版”命令，可以显示或隐藏<span
class=GramE>矢量蒙版</span>。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 取消与恢复<span class=GramE>图层与蒙版</span>的链接</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>当创建了<span class=GramE>图层蒙版</span>或<span class=GramE>矢量蒙版后</span>，在图层面板中<span
class=GramE>的图层图标</span>与蒙版图<span class=GramE>标之间</span>自动出现一个链接标志，用鼠标单击该链接标志，链接标志消失，表示<span
class=GramE>图层与蒙版之间的链拉</span>取消，再次单击链接图标的位置，链接图标即可出现，表示<span class=GramE>图层与蒙版之间</span>的链接恢复。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 应用与删除蒙版</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在图层面板上用鼠标单击<span class=GramE>图层蒙版缩</span>略图标，选定<span
class=GramE>图层蒙版</span>。单击图层面板底部的“删除图层”按钮，打开对话框。然后单击“应用”按钮，将把<span class=GramE>图层蒙版应用到图层</span>的图像上并删除<span
class=GramE>图层蒙版</span>，如果只是要删除<span class=GramE>图层蒙版</span>则单击“不应用”按钮。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可以将<span class=GramE>矢量蒙版转换</span>为<span class=GramE>图层蒙版</span>。选择要转换的<span
class=GramE>矢量蒙版所在的图层</span>，并选择菜单中的“图层”</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“栅格化”</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“矢量蒙版”命令，<span class=GramE>矢量蒙版将</span>转换为<span class=GramE>图层蒙版</span>。一旦将<span
class=GramE>矢量蒙版转换</span>为<span class=GramE>图层蒙版</span>，将无法再转换<span
class=GramE>矢量蒙版</span>，不过可以通过删除历史记录中的该项操作来予以恢复。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>用鼠标将矢量<span class=GramE>蒙版直接</span>拖至<span class=GramE>删除图层按钮</span>上将删除<span
class=GramE>矢量蒙版</span>。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>7.3.4<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>合成图像</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在</span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>中，使用“应用图像”命令和“计算”命令，可以将图像内部或图像之间的通道组合成新图像。这些命令提供了“图层”面板中没有的两个附加混合模式：“相加”和“减去”。“应用图像”命令可以对单独和复合通道进行操作，“计算”命令可以对单独通道进行操作。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>进行图像的合成要求两个图像的像素数和大小尺寸必须完全相同。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 使用“应用图像”命令合成图像</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>打开源图像和目标图像，并在目标图像中选择<span class=GramE>所需图层和</span>通道。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选菜单中的“图像”</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“应用图像”命令，打开“应用图像”对话框。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>设置好所有参数后单击“好”按钮。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 使用“计算”命令合成图像</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“计算”命令可以将一个或多个源图像的两个单独通道进行混合，并可将混合的结果放在一个新的图像或当前图像的新的通道和选区中。“计算”命令不能对复合通道混合。与“应用图像”命令一样，如果对多个源图像的通道进行混合，“计算”命令要求源图像的像素数与尺寸必须相同。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 相加与减去混合模式</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在“应用图像”与“计算”对话框的“混合”下拉列表框中，有“相加”与“相减”混合模式，是图层面板中的混合模式所没有的。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>在选择混合模式时，如果选择了“相加”或“减去”模式，则在对话框的混合区域会增加“缩放”与“补偿值”两个选项。“缩放”的取值范围在</span><span
lang=EN-US>1.000</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>2.000</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>之间，在“相加”模式下，较高的值会使混合图像变暗，在“减去”模式下，较高的值会使混合图像变亮。补偿值的取值范围在</span><span
lang=EN-US>+255</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>～</span><span lang=EN-US>-255</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>之间，无论是“相加”还是“减去”模式，正值使混合图像变亮，负值使混合图像变暗。</span></p>
<h2 style='margin-top:7.7pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:7.7pt;margin-left:
0cm'><span lang=EN-US>7.4<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>应用实例</span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>灵活应用通道与<span class=GramE>蒙版可以</span>完成一些特殊的需要，也可以实现特殊的效果。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>7.4.1<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
class=GramE><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>利用蒙版制作</span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>海市蜃楼</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:156.6pt;height:127.2pt'
fillcolor="window">
<v:imagedata src="第07章%20通道蒙板.files/image007.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=209 height=170
src="第07章%20通道蒙板.files/image008.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1030"><![endif]><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:91.8pt;height:155.4pt' fillcolor="window">
<v:imagedata src="第07章%20通道蒙板.files/image009.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=122 height=207
src="第07章%20通道蒙板.files/image010.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1031"><![endif]></span></p>
<h6><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>图像素材</span></h6>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:156.6pt;height:127.2pt'
fillcolor="window">
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</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=209 height=170
src="第07章%20通道蒙板.files/image012.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1032"><![endif]></span></p>
<h6><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>最终效果</span></h6>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>7.4.2<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>利用通道选取图像</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1033" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:118.2pt;height:170.4pt'
fillcolor="window">
<v:imagedata src="第07章%20通道蒙板.files/image013.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=158 height=227
src="第07章%20通道蒙板.files/image014.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1033"><![endif]><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1034" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:72.6pt;height:117pt'
fillcolor="window">
<v:imagedata src="第07章%20通道蒙板.files/image015.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=97 height=156
src="第07章%20通道蒙板.files/image016.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1034"><![endif]></span></p>
<h6><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>图像素材</span></h6>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1035" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:122.4pt;height:162.6pt'
fillcolor="window">
<v:imagedata src="第07章%20通道蒙板.files/image017.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=163 height=217
src="第07章%20通道蒙板.files/image018.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1035"><![endif]></span></p>
<h6><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>完成图</span></h6>
</div>
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