📄 第07章 通道蒙板.htm
字号:
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span class=GramE><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>蒙版也叫遮罩</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，是一个用来保护一些区域使之不受编辑的工具，<span
class=GramE>蒙版盖住</span>的区域不会接受任何编辑操作，在这一点上，<span class=GramE>蒙版的</span>功能和选取工具的作用是相同的，而且两者之间可以互相转换。和选取工具的选取范围可以修改一样，<span
class=GramE>蒙版也</span>可以修改选区，而且可以更自由地修改<span class=GramE>遮罩外</span>的选区，它是可见的，可以对它进行修改、扭曲和其他变形。<span
class=GramE>蒙版以</span>通道的形式存在，所以它和通道息息相关，从本质上看，<span class=GramE>蒙版实际上</span>是保存选区的通道。</span></p>
<h2 style='margin-top:7.7pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:7.7pt;margin-left:
0cm'><span lang=EN-US>7.2<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>创建与编辑通道</span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>对通道的创建与编辑操作主要通过通道面板来完成。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>7.2.1<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>创建通道</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>创建通道可以通过新建通道和将选区转换为通道的方式实现。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 新建通道</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可以通过多种方式新建通道。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>单击通道面板上创建新通道按钮，即会以默认的“</span><span lang=EN-US>Alpha X</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>”为名称的通道，其中“</span><span lang=EN-US>X</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>”为根据通道面板中已有通道的情况为通道进行的编号。通常新建的第一通道的名称为“</span><span
lang=EN-US>Alpha 1</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>”，其余依次类推。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在单击通道面板上的创建新通道按钮的同时，按下〈</span><span lang=EN-US>Alt</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>〉键不放，或者选择通道面板菜单中的“新通道”命令，这时会打开“新通道”对话框。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 将选区转换为通道</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在图像上选创建一个选区，然后单击通道面板上的将选区存储为通道按钮，则选区就<span class=GramE>被创建</span>为名称为“</span><span
lang=EN-US>Alpha X</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>”的通道。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选区创建后，也可以选择菜单中的“存储选区”命令，将选区转换为通道。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 创建专色通道</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
class=emphasis1><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";font-weight:normal'>专色</span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>是指印刷的特殊油墨，用于替代或补充印刷色</span><span lang=EN-US>(CMYK)</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>油墨。在印刷时这种<span class=GramE>专色都要求</span>专用的印版。专<span
class=GramE>色需要</span>占用一个专门的通道，<span class=GramE>即专色</span>通道。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择面板菜单中的“新专色通道”命令，将打开“新专色通道”对话框。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>7.2.2<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>编辑通道</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>编辑通道的操作主要包括通道的复制与删除，通道的分离与合并等，这些操作主要通过通道面板来完成。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 复制通道</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可以在同一图像文件中复制通道，也可以在不同的图像文件之间复制通道。复制通道可以用多种方法来实现。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>最简单的方法是用鼠标直接将要复制的通道拖至通道面板下部的创建新通道按钮上，复制的通道名称为原通道名称加上“副本”；在同时打开的两个图像文件中，将其中一个图像文件中的通道，用鼠标直接拖至另一个图像文件窗口中，即可完成文件之间的通道复制。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>如果要对复制的通道的参数进行设置，在选中要复制的通道后，选择面板菜单中的“复制通道”命令，或单击右键在快捷菜单中选择“复制通道”命令，打开“复制通道”对话框。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 删除通道</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>要删除通道，可以用鼠标将要删除的通道拖至通道面板下部的删除通道按钮上，也可以选中要删除的通道，然后单击删除通道按钮，还可以选择面板菜单或右键快捷菜单中的“删除通道”命令。无论用哪一种方法都可以将要删除的通道删除。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 分离通道</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>对于多通道的图像文件，可以使用通道面板菜单中的“分离通道”命令，将各个通道分别保存在不同的文件中。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>将三个文件分别保存后，以后同时打开三个文件，即可合成原图像。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>4. 合并通道</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>要用各通道单独保存的文件合成原文件，只需同时打开保存这些通道的图像文件，然后选择通道面板菜单中的“合并通道”命令，这时会打开“合并通道”对话框。在“模式”下拉列表框中可以选择要合并图像的颜色模式，在“通道”文本框中可以输入要合并的通道数。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>分别在“红色”、“绿色”和“蓝色”下拉列表框中指定相应的图像文件，完成设置后，单击“好”按钮，</span><span
lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>将建立一个新的合成图像文件。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>5. 设置通道选项</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>创建通道后，如果对通道的某些属性不满意，可以对这些属性重新进行设置。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选中要重新设置属性的通道，然后选择面板菜单中的“通道选项”命令，打开“通道选项”对话框。</span></p>
<h2 style='margin-top:7.7pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:7.7pt;margin-left:
0cm'><span lang=EN-US>7.3<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>创建与编辑蒙版</span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>由于蒙版本质上就是通道，所以前述创建</span><span lang=EN-US>Alpha</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>通道，实际就是为图像创建<span class=GramE>了蒙版</span>，但是</span><span
lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>还提供了专门<span
class=GramE>创建蒙版的</span>方法，这种方法可以不用</span><span lang=EN-US>Alpha</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>通道的方式来实现。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>对</span><span lang=EN-US>Alpha</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>通道进行编辑也是<span
class=GramE>对蒙版的</span>编辑，对非</span><span lang=EN-US>Alpha</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>通道方式<span class=GramE>的蒙版也</span>可以进行各种编辑。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>无论是创建通道还是<span class=GramE>创建蒙版</span>，其目的都是为了选取图像中的某一特定区域进行图像的编辑，所以无论通道<span
class=GramE>还是蒙版都</span>与选区密不可分，甚至可以将通道与<span class=GramE>蒙版理解</span>为选区，只不过是一种特殊形式的选区而已。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>7.3.1<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>创建蒙版</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>提供了快速<span class=GramE>蒙版与图层蒙版</span>两种专门的<span class=GramE>创建蒙版的</span>方法。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 创建快速蒙版</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>首先在图像上创建选区，。然后单击工具箱编辑模式区域的<span class=GramE>快速蒙版按钮</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1027"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:16.8pt;height:12.6pt' fillcolor="window">
<v:imagedata src="第07章%20通道蒙板.files/image004.gif" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=22 height=17
src="第07章%20通道蒙板.files/image004.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027"><![endif]></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:0pt'>，即可为图像创建一个<span class=GramE>快速蒙版</span>。这时从通道面板上可以看到有一个名称为“快速蒙版”的通道。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:0pt'>“快速蒙版”通道不像</span><span lang=EN-US>Alpha</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>通道，</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:
0pt'>它只是一个临时通道，单击工具箱中编辑区域的</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“标准”模式按钮</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1028"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:16.8pt;height:12.6pt' fillcolor="window">
<v:imagedata src="第07章%20通道蒙板.files/image005.gif" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=22 height=17
src="第07章%20通道蒙板.files/image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1028"><![endif]></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:0pt'>，“快速蒙版”通道将消失，图像上的<span class=GramE>蒙版重新</span>变为选区形式。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 创建<span class=GramE>图层蒙版</span></span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span class=GramE><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>图层蒙版</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>是一个结合<span
class=GramE>图层与蒙版功能</span>的非常有用的工具。<span class=GramE>图层蒙版控制图层或图层</span>组中的不同区域如何隐藏和显示。通过更改<span
class=GramE>图层蒙版</span>，可以对<span class=GramE>图层应用</span>各种特殊效果，而不会实际影响该图层上的像素。然后可以应用<span
class=GramE>图层蒙版对图层进行</span>真正的修改，或者删除<span class=GramE>图层蒙版而不对图层做</span>任何修改。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(1) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>创建显示或隐藏<span class=GramE>整个图层的</span>蒙版</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>取消图像上的所有选区，在图层面板选定要创建<span class=GramE>蒙版的图层</span>。然后用鼠标单击图层面板下部的添加<span
class=GramE>图层蒙版</span>按钮</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:13.8pt;height:9pt'
fillcolor="window">
<v:imagedata src="第07章%20通道蒙板.files/image006.gif" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=18 height=12
src="第07章%20通道蒙板.files/image006.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1029"><![endif]></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:0pt'>，在面板该图层缩略图右边就会出现一个蒙版图标。这样创建的<span
class=GramE>图层蒙</span>版图标为白色，图层中的图像正常显示，不受影响。</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:0pt'>如果单击添加<span class=GramE>图层蒙版</span>按钮时，按下〈</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'>Alt</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:0pt'>〉键不放，则会创建一个黑色图标的<span class=GramE>图层蒙版示</span>。这时图层中被选择的图像部分将被遮盖，而无法显示。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(2) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>创建隐藏或显示选区的<span class=GramE>图层蒙版</span></span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在图像上创建一个选区，在保持该选区不被取消的条件下创建<span class=GramE>图层蒙版</span>，则可创建显示或隐藏选区<span
class=GramE>的蒙版</span>。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 创建矢量蒙版</span></h4>
⌨️ 快捷键说明
复制代码
Ctrl + C
搜索代码
Ctrl + F
全屏模式
F11
切换主题
Ctrl + Shift + D
显示快捷键
?
增大字号
Ctrl + =
减小字号
Ctrl + -