📄 第03章 色彩理论与图像文件格式.htm
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<h1 style='margin-top:23.15pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:23.15pt;
margin-left:0cm'><a name="_Toc75316278"><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>第</span><span
lang=EN-US>3</span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc75316278'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>章</span><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc75316278'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>色彩理论与图像文件格式</span></span></h1>
<h2 style='margin-top:7.7pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:7.7pt;margin-left:
0cm'><a name="_Toc75316279"><span lang=EN-US>3.1<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>色彩理论</span></a></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>本节的目的是就这些色彩模式予以介绍，并说明其适用范围，介绍的内容与图像菜单中的模式<span class=GramE>项基本</span>相近，使您能更自由地使用这一选项。</span></p>
<h3><a name="_Toc75316280"><span lang=EN-US>3.1.1<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc75316280'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>常用的</span><span lang=EN-US>RGB</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc75316280'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span
lang=EN-US>CMYK</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc75316280'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span lang=EN-US>HSB</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc75316280'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>和</span><span
lang=EN-US>Lab</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc75316280'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>模式</span></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在</span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>中常用的色彩模式是</span><span lang=EN-US>RGB</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span lang=EN-US>CMYK</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span
lang=EN-US>HSB</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>Lab</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>模式其中最常用的是</span><span lang=EN-US>RGB</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>与</span><span lang=EN-US>CMYK</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>模式。</span><span
lang=EN-US>RGB</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>用于屏幕图像处理，</span><span lang=EN-US>CMYK</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>用于图像打印。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. RGB模式</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>RGB</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>模式，也叫</span><span lang=EN-US>RGB</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>模型或</span><span lang=EN-US>RGB</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>彩色空间。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>RGB</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>是色光的彩色模式，</span><span lang=EN-US>R</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US>Red</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）代表红色，</span><span
lang=EN-US>G</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US>Green</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>）代表绿色，</span><span lang=EN-US>B</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US>Blue</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）代表蓝色。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>自然界常见的各种颜色光线，都可以由红色（</span><span lang=EN-US>R</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>）、绿色（</span><span lang=EN-US>G</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）、蓝色（</span><span
lang=EN-US>B</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）三种色光按不同比例组合而成，同样的绝大多数颜色也可以分解成红、绿、蓝三种色光。因为三颜色每一种都有代</span><span
lang=EN-US>256</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>个亮度水平级，所以三种色彩可以有</span><span
lang=EN-US>1670</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>万种组合，即能构成</span><span lang=EN-US>1670</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>万种颜色，也就是俗称的“真彩”。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>RGB</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>模式因为是由红、绿、蓝三种颜色相叠加而形成其它颜色，所以这种模式也叫加<span class=GramE>色模式</span>称为三原色或三基色。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>从图像处理的角度看，</span><span lang=EN-US> RGB</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>色彩模式是最佳的色彩模式，同时这种模式可提供全屏显示的达</span><span lang=EN-US>24bit</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的色彩范围，即所谓的“真彩”显示。但是如果用</span><span lang=EN-US>RGB</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>模式进行打印，有些色彩已经超出了打印色彩所能表示的范围，因此在打印<span class=GramE>一幅真彩图像</span>时，就必然会损失一部分亮度，并且比较鲜明的色彩肯定会失真的。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. CMYK模式</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>人们对物体产生的颜色感觉，实际上就是对剩余色光的感觉，所以我们把这种色彩模式叫做减色模式。正是由于这个原因，在纸张上印刷的色彩应用的是减色模式，按照这种减色模式演变出了适合于印刷的</span><span
lang=EN-US>CMYK</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>色彩模式。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>CMYK</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>代表的是印刷上用的四种油墨颜色，</span><span lang=EN-US>C</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>代表青色，</span><span lang=EN-US>M</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>代表洋红色，</span><span
lang=EN-US>Y</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>代表黄色，因为这三种颜色等比例混合并不能产生真正的黑色，最多不过是褐色，因此以引入的</span><span
lang=EN-US>K</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>代表黑色。黑色的作用是强化暗调，<span class=GramE>加深暗部色彩</span>。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>CMYK</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>模式是最佳的打印模式。那么是不是在编辑图像时就采用</span><span lang=EN-US>CMYK</span><span
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