📄 第04章 photoshop的基本操作.htm
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<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择菜单中的“选择”</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“修改”</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“扩展”命令，打开“扩展选区”对话框。在“扩展量”文本框中输入一个</span><span lang=EN-US>1</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>到</span><span lang=EN-US>100</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>之间的像素值，然后单击“好”按钮。这时，边框按指定数量的像素扩展。收缩选区的操作与扩展选区相似。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(2) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>扩边</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择菜单中的“选择”</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“修改”</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“扩边”命令，打开“边界选区”对话框。在“宽度”文本框中输入一个</span><span lang=EN-US>1</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>到</span><span lang=EN-US>200</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>之间的像素值，单击“好”按钮。这时，新选区将框住原来选中的区域。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(3) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>扩大选取与选取相似</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择菜单中的“选择”</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“扩大选取”命令，包含所有位于魔棒选项中指定的容差范围内的相邻像素将被选取到选区内。扩大选取与扩展扩边不同，扩展扩边是不问青红皂白，按设定值均匀向外扩大选区，而扩大选取则是以色彩为依据扩大选区，所以，该命令与下述的选取相似命令都适用于魔棒选取的选区。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择菜单中的“选择”</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“选取相似”命令，整个图像中位于容差范围内的像素都将被选取，而不仅仅是相邻的像素。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(4) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>变换选区</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可以对建立的选区进行缩放、旋转、改变形状等操作。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(5) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>平滑</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在一般情况下，使用魔棒选取存在色调差异的图像时，总会出现不能完全选取的情况，使用平滑命令可以消选区内外留下的零散像素。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(6) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>羽化</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>对图像进行选取的目的常常是要将选取的图像粘贴到其他图像中，但是粘贴的图像却有一个生硬的边界，显得很不协调。而对选区进行羽化的重要作用就是使选区边界虚化，以求边缘过渡自然可产生<span
class=GramE>晕映效果</span>。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>羽化操作有两种方式，一是在选择选区工具后尚未建立选区前，在选项栏的“羽化”文本框中预先输入羽化值，二是在建立选区的基础上，选择菜单中的“选择”</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“羽化”命令。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>4. 使用色彩范围命令创建与调整选区</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>在建立与调整选区方面，</span><span
lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>还有一个功能强大的命令，这就是选择菜单中的“色彩范围”命令。选择菜单中的“选择”</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“色彩范围”命令，打开“色彩范围”对话框。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>利用色彩范围对话框，可以集选区的建立与调整于一身，并且可以建立调整时在预览区域实时观察效果。</span></p>
<h2 style='margin-top:7.7pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:7.7pt;margin-left:
0cm'><span lang=EN-US>4.3<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>其他基本操作</span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的基本操作还包括图像文件窗口操作、图像及画布大小的操作。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>4.3.1<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>图像文件窗口的操作</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在处理图像时，经常需要对图像文件窗口的显示与布局进行设置。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 操作图像窗口</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在用</span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>处理图像时，常常需要打开不止一个图像文件，为了方便操作有时需要对多个图像窗口进行一定的排放，常用的排放方式有层叠与平铺两种。而有时又需要让同一个图像文件在不同的窗口中显示，这时可以为同一个图像文件打开多个窗口。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 放大与缩小图像</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>有时需要放大或缩小图像以便于观察与处理。在</span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>中，可以使用多种方法放大或缩小视图。最常用的是使用缩放工具或导航器面板。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 查看图像</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>对窗口进行缩放的目的是便于查看处理图像，在图像被放大而窗口又没有随之改变，或即使窗口变大也无法显示整个图像时，固然可以通过窗口的滚动条来查看图像的各个部分，但更方便的方法是使用手形工具或导航器面板进行查看。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>4. 使用标尺与度量工具</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在处理图像时，经常需要对图像定位，这时可以使用标尺或度量工具来准确定位。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>5. 使用参考线与网格线</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>参考线与网格线也是图像定位的工具。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>从图像窗口的水平标尺拖动鼠标，可创建水平参考线，从垂直标尺拖动鼠标可创建垂直网格线。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择移动工具</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:15pt;height:13.8pt'
fillcolor="window">
<v:imagedata src="第04章%20Photoshop的基本操作.files/image006.gif" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=20 height=18
src="第04章%20Photoshop的基本操作.files/image006.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1030"><![endif]></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>，或按下〈</span><span lang=EN-US>Ctrl</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>〉键不放，将鼠标放置在参考线，指针会变为双箭头，拖动鼠标，可以移动参考线。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择菜单中的“视图”</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“显示”</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“网格”。命令，或选菜单中的“视图”</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“显示”</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“参考线”命令，可以显示或隐藏参考线或网格线。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>4.3.2<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>图像操作</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在处理图像时经常需要对图像的尺寸与分辨率以及画布进行调整。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 改变图像尺寸与分辨率</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择菜单中的“图像”</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“图像大小”命令，打开“图像大小”对话框。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在对话框的“像素”区域，改变“宽度”与“高度”，将改变图像的大小，图像的新文件大小会出现在“图像大小”对话框的顶部，而<span
class=GramE>旧文件</span>大小在括号内显示。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在对话框的“文档尺寸”区域，改变宽度与高度值，可以改变图像打印尺寸的大小，如果同时改变了“分辨率”的值，则即改变打印尺寸又改变图像的分辨率。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 改变画布尺寸</span></h4>
<h6 style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph'><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>画布是指绘制和编辑图像的工作区域，也就是图像显示区域，改变画布大小可以添加或移去现有图像周围的工作区。</span></h6>
<h2 style='margin-top:7.7pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:7.7pt;margin-left:
0cm'><span lang=EN-US>4.4<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>应用实例</span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在创造图像的各种效果时，通常都离不开基本操作。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>4.4.1<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>利用选择工具制作网格</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:120.6pt;height:97.2pt'
fillcolor="window">
<v:imagedata src="第04章%20Photoshop的基本操作.files/image007.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=161 height=130
src="第04章%20Photoshop的基本操作.files/image008.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1031"><![endif]></span></p>
<h6><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>透明效果</span></h6>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>4.4.2<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>制作沙漠之花</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:122.4pt;height:84.6pt'
fillcolor="window">
<v:imagedata src="第04章%20Photoshop的基本操作.files/image009.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=163 height=113
src="第04章%20Photoshop的基本操作.files/image010.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1032"><![endif]></span></p>
<h6><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>完成图</span></h6>
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