📄 第04章 photoshop的基本操作.htm
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<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择菜单中的“文件”</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“打开为”命令，或者按快捷键</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>〈</span><span lang=EN-US>Alt</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>〉</span><span lang=EN-US>+</span><span style='font-family:
宋体'>〈</span><span lang=EN-US>Ctrl</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>〉</span><span
lang=EN-US>+</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>〈</span><span lang=EN-US>O</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>〉</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，打开“打开为”对话框。“打开为”对话框与“打开”对话框相似，不同的是“打开”对话框中“文件类型”下拉列表框变成了“打开为”下拉列表框，该列表框用以指定图像文件以何种格式打开。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 打开最近操作过的图像文件</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择菜单中的“文件”</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“最近打开文件”，在打开的子菜单中选择一个最近打开过的图像文件。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>4. 导入图像文件</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可以使用“置入”命令直接导入</span><span lang=EN-US>PDF</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span lang=EN-US>Adobe Illustrator</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>或</span><span lang=EN-US>EPS</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>文件。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>5. 使用文件浏览<span class=GramE>器管理</span>和打开图像文件</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可以利用</span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>提供的文件浏览器对图像文件进行查看、排序和处理。可以使用文件浏览<span class=GramE>器执行</span>某些任务，例如：创建新文件夹，重命名、移动和删除文件，以及旋转图像。还可以查看从数码相机导入的个别文件信息和数据。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>4.1.3<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>保存图像文件</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在</span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>中有三种常用的保存图像文件的方式：“存储”、“存储为”和“存储为</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>所用格式”。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 存储</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>对于一个打开的图像文件，当图像文件编辑修改完毕或告一段落，可以选择菜单中的“文件”</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“存储”命令，保存编辑修改的结果。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 存储为</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>不管是打开的图像文件，还是新建的图像文件，只要选择菜单中的“文件”</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“存储为”命令，都将打开“存储为”对话框。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 存储为Web所用格式</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择菜单中的“文件”</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“存储为</span><span
lang=EN-US>Web</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>所用格式”命令，打开“</span><span lang=EN-US>Save
For Web</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>”对话框。</span></p>
<h2 style='margin-top:7.7pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:7.7pt;margin-left:
0cm'><span lang=EN-US>4.2<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>选择区域的建立与修改</span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在</span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>中要对图像操作必须对图像的部分区域或全部区域进行选择，被选择的区域称为选区。掌握选区操作是编辑修改图像的基础。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>4.2.1<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>建立选区</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>为了能灵活而准确的选取图像区域，</span><span lang=EN-US> Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>，提供了多种选取工具，以适应用户的需要。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 使用选框工具选取图像</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选框工具可以完成规则区域的选取。使用选框工具<span class=GramE>让可以</span>选择矩形、椭圆和只有</span><span
lang=EN-US>1</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>个像素的行和列。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>当选中某一工具后，</span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>自动将该工具相关参数设置的选项显示在选项栏中。在选项栏中，可以设定是添加新选区</span><span
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style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
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style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
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style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>，还是选择与其它选区交叉的区域</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-font-kerning:
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style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>。默认为添加新选区。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 使用套索工具选取图像</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>套索工具主要用于选取不规则的图像区域的选取。打开工具箱套索工具菜单。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>菜单中的“套索工具”为手绘工具，通过拖动鼠标绘出选区的边界，绘制的曲线不论是否闭合，都将自动把首尾连接为一个闭合区域。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 使用魔棒工具选取图像</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>魔棒工具也是用于选取不规则区域，它与套索工具的不同之处在于，它可以自动辨别相同的色彩（例如，一朵红花，人物的面部等），并将其选取到选区中。所以使用魔棒工具不用手绘，只需单击工具箱的魔棒工具，然后在图像的某一颜色区域中单击即可将该颜色区域选取。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>4.2.2<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>编辑修改选区</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用选取工具建立选区后，所建立的选区并不一定每次都恰好符合我们的要求，常常需要对选区进行适当的调整与修改。可以使用选区工具和“选择”菜单中的各种命令来调整和修正像素选区。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 移动、隐藏或反相选区</span></h4>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(1) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>移动选区</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可以将选区边框沿图像周围移动，隐藏选区边框，以及反相选区以选择图像中原先未选中的部分。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>建立选区后，将<span class=GramE>鼠标称到选区</span>边框内，这时鼠标变为</span><span
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style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:0pt'>形状</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，表示可以进行移动选区的操作，拖动鼠标，即可移动选区。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(2) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>隐藏选区边框</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择菜单中的“视图”</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“显示”</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“选区边缘”命令可以使选区边框显示或隐藏。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(3) </span><span class=GramE><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>反选选区</span></span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>要选择没有被选中的图像区域，可以在原选区的基础上选择菜单中的“选择”</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“反选”命令，这时，原选区被取消，没有被选中的区域变为选区。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 增加、删减选区与选取不同选区的重叠区域</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可以在已建立选区的基础上，通过再建选区实现对已建选区的增加和删减，也可以对已建选区重新选取，即选取不同选区的重叠部分。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 调整与修饰选区</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>对选区的调整与修饰与前述的增加删减不同，它是以选区原来形状为基础进行扩大、收缩、变形和改变选区边框特性的操作。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(1) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>扩展或收缩选区</span></h5>
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