📄 第11章 滤镜的使用.htm
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<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“风格化”滤镜是通过置换像素和通过查找并增加图像的对比度，在选区中生成绘画或印象派的效果。在使用“查找边缘”和“等高线”等突出显示边缘的滤镜后，可应用“反相”命令用彩色线条勾勒彩色图像的边缘或用白色线条勾勒灰度图像的边缘。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 扩散</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“扩散”滤镜是根据选中的以下选项搅乱选区中的像素，使选区显得不十分聚焦：“正常”使像素随机移动，忽略颜色值；“变暗优先</span><span
lang=EN-US>”</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>用较暗的像素替换亮的像素；“变亮优先”用较亮的像素替换暗的像素。“各向异性”在颜色变化最小的方向上搅乱像素。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 查找边缘</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“查找边缘”滤镜是用显著的转换标识图像的区域，并突出边缘。像“等高线”滤镜一样，“查找边缘”用相对于白色背景的黑色线条勾勒图像的边缘，这对生成图像周围的边界非常有用的。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 拼贴</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“拼贴”滤镜是将图像分解为一系列拼贴，使选区偏移原来的位置。可以选取下列对象之一填充拼贴之间的区域：背景色，前景色。图像的反转版本或图像的未改变版本，它们使拼贴的版本位于原版本之上并露出原图像中位于拼贴边缘下面的部分。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>4. 风</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“风”滤镜是在图像中创建细小的水平线条来模拟风的效果。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>11.2.13<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“其它”滤镜</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“其它”滤镜允许创建自己的滤镜、使用滤镜修改蒙版、在图像中使选区发生位移和快速调整颜色。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 位移</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“位移”滤镜是将选区移动指定的水平量或垂直量，而选区的原位置变成空白区域。您可以用当前背景色、图像的另一部分填充这块区域，或者如果选区靠近图像边缘，也可以使用所选择的填充内容进行填充。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. “最小值”与“最大值”</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“最小值”与“最大值”滤镜对于修改蒙版非常有用。“最小值”滤镜有应用伸展的效果，展开黑色区域和收缩白色区域。“最大值”滤镜有应用阻塞的效果，展开白色区域和阻塞黑色区域。“最大值”和“最小值”滤镜针对选区中的单个像素。在指定半径内，“最大值”和“最小值”滤镜用周围像素的最大或最小亮度值替换当前像素的亮度值。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 高反差保留</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“高反差保留”滤镜是在有强烈颜色转变发生的地方按指定的半径保留边缘细节，并且不显示图像的其余部分。此滤镜移去图像中的低频细节，效果与“高斯模糊”滤镜相反。</span></p>
<h2><span lang=EN-US>11.3<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>图像修饰滤镜</span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>在滤镜菜单中，还有四个命令，分别是“抽出”、“滤镜陈列室”、“液化”、“图案生成器”、其中“滤镜陈列室”命令是</span><span
lang=EN-US>Photoshop CS</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>新增的工具。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>11.3.1<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“抽出”滤镜</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“抽出”命令为隔离前景对象并抹除在图层上的背景提供了一种高级方法。即使对象的边缘细微、复杂或无法确定，也无需太多的操作就可以从背景中提取出来。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>11.3.2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“滤镜陈列室”滤镜</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“滤镜陈列室”滤镜是</span><span
lang=EN-US>Photoshop CS</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>新增的工具，该工具集成了“滤镜”的大部分工具，方便了使用。“滤镜陈列室”滤镜属性面板如下图所示。</span></p>
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<h6><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“滤镜陈列室”滤镜属性面板</span></h6>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>11.3.3<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“液化”滤镜</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“液化”命令可用于通过交互方式拼凑、推、拉、旋转、反射、折叠和膨胀图像的任意区域。创建的扭曲可以是细微的或剧烈的，这就使“液化”命令成为修饰图像和创建艺术效果的强大工具。“液化”命令只适用于</span><span
lang=EN-US>RGB</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>颜色模式、</span><span lang=EN-US>CMYK</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>颜色模式、</span><span lang=EN-US>Lab</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>颜色模式和灰度图像模式的</span><span lang=EN-US>8</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>位图像。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>11.3.4<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“图案生成器”滤镜</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“图案生成器”可用于根据选区内容创建无限多种图案，由于图案基于样本中的像素，因此它与样本具有相同的视觉特性。如果拼贴比现用图层小，则图案由布置在网格中以填充图层的多个拼贴组成。如果拼贴与现用图层的大小相同，则它组成整个图案。</span></p>
<h2><span lang=EN-US>11.4<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>Photoshop外挂滤镜</span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span>Photoshop</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>外挂滤镜是由第三方开发的滤镜，是对</span><span
lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>软件本身滤镜的补充，利用外挂滤镜更能创造出绚丽出奇的精美图案。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>11.4.1<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>Photoshop</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>外挂滤镜的安装</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>安装外挂滤镜一般有两种方法：</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>①</span> <span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>像安装其他软件一样，通过双击安装程序“</span><span lang=EN-US>Setup.exe</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>”，安装路径为</span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>下的“</span><span lang=EN-US>Plug-Ins</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>”，安装进度完成后，就可以在“滤镜”菜单下看到新装上的外挂滤镜。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>②</span> <span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>如果外挂滤镜不带安装程序，可以直接将外挂滤镜文件复制到安装路径为</span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>下的“</span><span lang=EN-US>Plug-Ins</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>”即可。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>11.4.2</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>外挂滤镜的使用</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>由于滤镜种类繁多，外挂滤镜更是层出不穷，我们就着重选其“</span><span
lang=EN-US>AlienSkinSplat v1.0</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>”加以介绍。选择“滤镜”</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“</span><span
lang=EN-US>AlienSkinSplat v1.0</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>”打开外挂滤镜，操作界面如下图所示。</span></p>
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<h6><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“</span><span lang=EN-US>Alien Skin
Splat v1.0</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>”外挂</span></h6>
<h2><span lang=EN-US>11.5<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>应用实例</span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>用多种滤镜制作旋转水波纹效果。</span></p>
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<h6><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>最终效果</span></h6>
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