📄 第11章 滤镜的使用.htm
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<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 云彩</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“云彩”滤镜是使用介于前景色与背景色之间的随机值，生成柔和的云彩图案。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 光照效果</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“光照效果”使您可以通过改变</span><span
lang=EN-US>17</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>种光照样式、</span><span lang=EN-US>3</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>种光照类型和</span><span lang=EN-US>4</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>套光照属性，在</span><span lang=EN-US>RGB</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>图像上产生无数种光照效果。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>11.2.6<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“画笔描边”滤镜</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>与“艺术效果”滤镜一样，“画笔描边”滤镜使用不同的画笔和油墨描边效果创造出绘画效果的外观。有些滤镜向图像添加颗粒、绘画、杂色、边缘细节或纹理，以获得点状化效果。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 喷溅</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“喷溅”滤镜是模拟喷溅喷枪的效果。增加选项可简化总体效果。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 成角的线条</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“成角的线条”滤镜是使用成角的线条重新绘制图像。用一个方向的线条绘制图像的亮区，用相反方向的线条绘制暗区。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 油墨概况</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“油墨概况”滤镜是以钢笔画的风格，用纤细的线条在原细节上重绘图像。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>11.2.7<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“素描”滤镜</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“素描”子菜单中的滤镜将纹理添加到图像上，通常用于获得</span><span
lang=EN-US>3D</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>效果。这些滤镜还适用于创建美术或手绘外观。许多“素描”滤镜在重绘图像时使用前景色和背景色。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. “绘图笔”</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“绘图笔”滤镜是使用细的、线状的油墨描边以获取原图像中的细节，多用于对扫描图像进行描边。此滤镜使用前景色作为油墨，并使用背景色作为纸张，以替换原图像中的颜色。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. “半调图案”</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“半调图案”滤镜是在保持连续的色调范围的同时，模拟半调网屏的效果。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. “影印”</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“影印”滤镜是模拟影印图像的效果。大的暗区趋向于只拷贝边缘四周，而中间色调要么纯黑色，要么纯白色。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>4. “便条纸”</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“便条纸”滤镜是创建像是用手工制作的纸张构建的图像。此滤镜简化了图像，图像的暗区显示为纸张上层中的洞，使背景色显示出来。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>5.“粉笔和炭笔”</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“粉笔和炭笔”滤镜是重绘图像的高光和中间色调，其背景为粗糙粉笔绘制的纯中间色调。阴影区域用黑色对角炭笔线条替换。炭笔用前景色绘制，粉笔用背景色绘制。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>11.2.8<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“纹理”滤镜</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>使用“纹理”滤镜可使图像表面具有深度感或物质感，或添加一种器质外观。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 拼缀图</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“拼缀图”滤镜是将图像分解为用图像中该区域的主色填充的正方形。此滤镜随机减小或增大拼贴的深度，以模拟高光和暗调。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 染色玻璃</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“染色玻璃”滤镜是将图像重新绘制为用前景色勾勒的单色的相邻单元格。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 纹理化</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“纹理化”滤镜是将选择或创建的纹理应用于图像。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>4. 马赛克拼贴</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“马赛克拼贴”滤镜是绘制图像，使它看起来像是由小的碎片或拼贴组成。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>11.2.9<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“艺术效果”滤镜</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“艺术效果”滤镜是为美术或商业项目制作绘画效果或特殊效果。这些滤镜能模仿自然或传统介质效果，表达出更完美的效果。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 塑料包装</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“塑料包装”滤镜是给图像涂上一层光亮的塑料，以强调表面细节。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 壁画</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“壁画”滤镜是使用短而圆的、粗略轻涂的小块颜料，以一种粗糙的风格绘制图像。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 干画笔</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“干画笔”滤镜是使用干画笔技术（介于油彩和水彩之间）绘制图像边缘。此滤镜通过将图像的颜色范围降到普通颜色范围来简化图像。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>4. 木刻</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“木刻”滤镜是将图像描绘成好像是由从彩纸上剪下的边缘粗糙的剪纸片组成的。高对比度的图像看起来呈剪影状，而彩色图像看上去是由几层彩纸组成的。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>5. 涂抹棒</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“涂抹棒”滤镜是使用短的对角线描边涂抹图像的暗区以柔化图像。亮区变得更亮，以致失去细节。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>6. 粗糙蜡笔</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“粗糙蜡笔”滤镜是使图像看上去好像是用彩色粉笔在带纹理的背景上描过边。在亮色区域，粉笔看上去很厚，几乎看不见纹理；在深色区域，粉笔似乎被擦去了，使纹理显露出来。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>7. 胶片颗粒</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“胶片颗粒”滤镜是将平滑图案应用于图像的阴影色调和中间色调。将一种更平滑、饱和度更高的图案添加到图像的亮区。在消除混合的条纹和将各种来源的图素在视觉上进行统一。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>8. 调色刀</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“调色刀”滤镜是减少图像中的细节以生成描绘得很淡的画布效果，可以显示出下面的纹理。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>11.2.10<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“视频”滤镜</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“视频”滤镜是用来处理摄像机输入的图像和图像输出到录像带上而做准备。“视频”包含“逐行”滤镜和“</span><span
lang=EN-US>NTSC</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>颜色”滤镜。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 逐行</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“逐行”通过移去视频图像中的奇数或偶数隔行线，使在视频上捕捉的运动图像变得平滑。通过复制或插值来替换扔掉的线条，使图像清晰平滑。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. NTSC颜色</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“</span><span
lang=EN-US>NTSC</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>颜色”滤镜是用来使图像的色域能适应电视的需要，将色域限制在电视机重现可接受的范围内，以防止过饱和颜色渗到电视扫描行中。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>11.2.11<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“锐化”滤镜</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“锐化”滤镜通过增加相邻像素的对比度来聚焦模糊的图像。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1.USM锐化</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“</span><span
lang=EN-US>USM</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>锐化”滤镜是调整边缘细节的对比度，并在边缘的每侧生成一条亮线和一条暗线。此过程将使边缘突出，从而使图像更清晰。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 锐化边缘</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“锐化边缘”是通过查找图像中颜色发生显著变化的区域，然后将其锐化。“锐化边缘”滤镜只锐化图像的边缘，同时保留总体的平滑度。使用此滤镜在不指定数量的情况下锐化边缘。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>11.2.12<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“风格化”滤镜</span></h3>
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