📄 第06章 图层的应用.htm
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class=GramE>图层锁定</span>后，<span class=GramE>图层名称</span>的右边会出现一个锁图标。<span
class=GramE>当图层</span>完全锁定时，锁图标是实心的；<span class=GramE>当图层部分</span>锁定时，锁图标是空心的。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>5. 调整图<span class=GramE>层叠放</span>次序</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选定要调整次序<span class=GramE>的图层</span>，拖动鼠标上下移动，这时会有一条安装位置提示线，在<span
class=GramE>图层与图层</span>之间跳动当安装位置<span class=GramE>线跳至</span>，要安放的位置后，松开鼠标，<span
class=GramE>则图层即</span>插入该位置。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>6. 转换背景图层</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>要将<span class=GramE>背景图层转换</span>为<span class=GramE>普通图层</span>，先在图层面板选中<span
class=GramE>背景图层</span>，然后选择菜单中的“图层”</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“新建”</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“背景图层”命令，在打开的对话框中单击“好”按钮，<span class=GramE>背景图层将</span>被转换为<span
class=GramE>普通图层</span>，其名称默认为“图层</span><span lang=EN-US>0</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>”。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>6.3.2<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
class=GramE><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>图层编辑</span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>高级操作</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>不仅可以对<span class=GramE>图层进行</span>一般的移动、调整次序等编辑操作，而且可以<span
class=GramE>进行图层的</span>链接，<span class=GramE>图层的</span>旋转与变换<span class=GramE>以及图层的</span>混合模式等编辑操作。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. <span class=GramE>链接图层</span></span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span class=GramE><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>链接图层就是</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>把若干<span
class=GramE>图层联系</span>起来以便同时进行同一编辑操作。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>(1) </span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>建立<span class=GramE>链接图层</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>如果需要同时编辑两个以上<span class=GramE>的图层</span>，可以在非当前<span
class=GramE>选定图层的</span>状态控制方框上用鼠标单击，则被单击的方框中将出现锁链图标。这时，被链接<span class=GramE>的图层将</span>和当前<span
class=GramE>图层同时</span>被编辑，即所有的操作将同时作用于<span class=GramE>这些图层</span>。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>(2) </span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>对齐<span class=GramE>链接图层</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span class=GramE><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>图层建立</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>链接后，可以对链接的<span
class=GramE>图层实现</span>不同方式的对齐，要实现<span class=GramE>链接图层</span>的对齐，选择菜单中的“图层”</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“对齐链接图层”命令，打开对齐<span
class=GramE>链接图层</span>的子菜单，然后选择相应方式的对齐命令，对<span class=GramE>链接图层进行</span>不同方式的对齐操作，对齐以当前<span
class=GramE>选定图层的</span>位置为依据。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>(3) </span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>分布图层链接</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>不仅可以对<span class=GramE>链接图层实现</span>对齐操作，而且可以对<span
class=GramE>链接图层实现</span>分布操作，选择菜单中的“图层”</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“分布链接图层”命令。在打开的子菜单中选择相应的分布命令，即可实现<span class=GramE>链接图</span>层中对象的分布，分布以当前<span
class=GramE>选定图层的</span>位置为依据。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 旋转、翻转与变换图层</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可以对单独的某一图<span class=GramE>层或者若干图层进行</span>旋转、翻转和变换操作。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(1) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>旋转和翻转图层</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择菜单中的“编辑”</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“变换”命令，打开子菜单，子菜单中列出了对<span class=GramE>图层进行</span>各种旋转和翻转操作的命令。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(2) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>变换图层</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>不仅可以对<span class=GramE>图层进行</span>旋转和翻转，而且还可以进行各种变换。对<span
class=GramE>图层进行</span>变换时将出现一个带八个控制点的矩形框，用鼠标拖动控制点，即可实现变换。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 合并图层</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>提供了多种形式<span class=GramE>的图层合并</span>功能。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(1) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>向下合并</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可以将<span class=GramE>当前图层与其</span>下面<span class=GramE>的图层合并</span>。选中要与<span
class=GramE>下面图层合并的图层</span>，然后选择菜单中的“图层”</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“向下合并”命令，则选定图层即与其下面的图层合并为一个图层，合并后的图层的名称到下面图层的名称。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(2) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>合并<span class=GramE>链接图层</span></span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可以将具有链接关系的<span class=GramE>图层进行</span>合并，选中具有链接关系的<span
class=GramE>当前图层</span>，然后选择菜单中的“图层”</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“合并链接图层”命令，则具有链接关系<span class=GramE>的图层被</span>合并为一个<span
class=GramE>图层，图层</span>名称为<span class=GramE>当前图层的</span>名称。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(3) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>合并可见<span class=GramE>图层和图层</span>组</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可以将所有的可见<span class=GramE>图层或者将图层</span>组合并为<span
class=GramE>一个图层</span>。执行菜单中的“图层”</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“合并可见图层”命令后，所有的<span class=GramE>可见图层合并</span>为<span
class=GramE>一个图层</span>。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(4) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>拼合图层</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在“图层”菜单中，</span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>还提供了一个“拼合图层”命令，该命令的功能也是合并所有<span class=GramE>可见图层</span>，但与“合并可见图层”命令不同的是“拼合图层”命令在合并<span
class=GramE>可见图层后</span>，将所有不可见<span class=GramE>图层予以</span>删除，并将所有的<span
class=GramE>可见图层合并</span>到背景图层中。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>4. 建立和使用剪贴<span class=GramE>组图层</span></span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可以将若干连续<span class=GramE>的图层建立</span>为剪贴组。当将<span
class=GramE>若干图层建立</span>为剪贴组后，<span class=GramE>则这些</span>图层中最下面<span
class=GramE>的图层称为</span>基底图层，基底图层对于剪贴组中的<span class=GramE>其他图层就</span>像一块不透明的盖板，而基底图层上的图像区域，对于剪贴组中的<span
class=GramE>其他图层又</span>像一块透明玻璃，剪贴组中的<span class=GramE>其他图层上</span>的图像只能通过这块透明玻璃显示出来。基底图层上没有图像区域对于剪贴组中的<span
class=GramE>其他图层来</span>说是无法将图像显示出来的，但这块区域对剪贴组下面<span class=GramE>的图层来说</span>则是透明的，可以让其<span
class=GramE>下面图层的</span>图像显示出来。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>5. <span class=GramE>图层比较</span></span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span class=GramE><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>图层比较</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，是将图像中的所有可视图<span
class=GramE>层结合</span>在一起，形成一个组合，<span class=GramE>当选择</span>这一组合时，则只显示属于这一组合中<span
class=GramE>的图层</span>。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span class=GramE><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>图层比较需在图层比较</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>面板中完成。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>6. 混合图层</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span class=GramE><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>图层的</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>混合模式决定某一图层中的像素如何与其下面图层中的像素进行混合。使用混合模式可以创建各种特殊效果。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>单击图层面板上<span class=GramE>的图层混合</span>模式下拉按钮，在打开的下拉列表中<span
class=GramE>选择图层的</span>混合模式。</span></p>
<h2 style='margin-top:7.7pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:7.7pt;margin-left:
0cm'><span lang=EN-US>6.4<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>应用实例</span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span class=GramE><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>利用图层样式</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，可以比较方便地制作一些特殊的图像效果。下面介绍<span
class=GramE>利用图层样式</span>制作立体按钮。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:87.6pt;height:100.8pt'>
<v:imagedata src="第06章%20图层的应用.files/image007.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=117 height=134
src="第06章%20图层的应用.files/image008.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1028"><![endif]></span></p>
<h6><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>完成图</span></h6>
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