📄 第06章 图层的应用.htm
字号:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>后，则被锁定<span
class=GramE>的图层上将</span>出现锁标记。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(4) Fill</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>（填充）</span></h5>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>填充<span class=GramE>设置图层颜色</span>的填充程度，</span><span
lang=EN-US>1%</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>表示没有颜色填充，则该图层的图像将是无色透明的，</span><span
lang=EN-US>100%</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>表示完全填充。</span></h5>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. <span class=GramE>图层操作</span>区</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在<span class=GramE>图层显示区</span>下方，即面板的最下方有<span class=GramE>六个图层操作</span>按钮：<span
class=GramE>添加图层样式</span>按钮、添加<span class=GramE>图层蒙板</span>按钮、创建填充或<span
class=GramE>调整图层按钮</span>、创建新图层按钮、<span class=GramE>删除图层按钮</span>。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>4. 图层面板菜单</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在图层面板右上角有一个三角按钮，单击该三角按钮将打开图层面板下拉菜单。</span></p>
<h2 style='margin-top:7.7pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:7.7pt;margin-left:
0cm'><span lang=EN-US>6.2<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>创建与删除图层</span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在</span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>中，可以根据需要创建不同类型<span class=GramE>的图层</span>，并且对于不再需要的<span
class=GramE>图层可</span>予以删除。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>6.2.1<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>创建图层</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在</span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>中，基本<span class=GramE>的图层类型</span>有<span class=GramE>普通图层</span>、<span
class=GramE>背景图层</span>、<span class=GramE>调整图层</span>、<span class=GramE>填充图层</span>、<span
class=GramE>文本图层和形状图层</span>。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 创建普通图层</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>普通<span class=GramE>图层用于</span>存放一般的图像，该图像作为整幅图像的某一个组成部分。创建普通<span
class=GramE>图层可以</span>通过图层面板或“图层”菜单来完成。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 创建背景图层</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在</span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>打开的图像中，只允许有一个<span class=GramE>背景图层</span>，所以如果图像已有一个<span
class=GramE>背景图层</span>，就无法创建<span class=GramE>背景图层</span>。只有在图像没有<span
class=GramE>背景图层时</span>，方可以创建<span class=GramE>背景图层</span>。严格地讲，<span
class=GramE>背景图层不是</span>创建的，而是由已经存在<span class=GramE>的图层转换</span>的。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 创建<span class=GramE>调整图层和</span>填充图层</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span class=GramE><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>调整图层和</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>填充<span class=GramE>图层能</span>对图像进行更加灵活的处理。调整<span
class=GramE>图层可以</span>对图像试用颜色和应用色调调整；而填充<span class=GramE>图层可以</span>向图像快速添加颜色、图案和渐变。如果对处理结果不满意，可以随时编辑或删除在<span
class=GramE>调整图层所做</span>的调整或在<span class=GramE>填充图层所做</span>的填充。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>4. 创建文本图层</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在</span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>中，可以在图像中输入文字。单击工具箱中的文字按钮，然后在图像上单击，</span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>将自动创建<span class=GramE>文字图层</span>。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>5. 创建形状图层</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在</span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>利用工具绘制图形或线条时，</span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>会自动创建<span class=GramE>形状图层</span>。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>6.2.2<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>创建和<span class=GramE>使用图层组</span></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>除了创建单独的图层外，在</span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>中还可以<span class=GramE>创建图层组</span>。<span class=GramE>图层组</span>可以将<span
class=GramE>若干图层组织</span>在一起，使<span class=GramE>这些图层成为</span>一个逻辑上的<span
class=GramE>单独图层</span>，以便于对这些<span class=GramE>图层进行</span>整体处理。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. <span class=GramE>创建图层组</span></span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可以通过菜单命令<span class=GramE>创建图层组</span>，选择菜单中的“图层”</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“新建”</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“图层组”命令<span
class=GramE>创建图层组</span>，也可以通过图层面板的菜单中的“新图层组”命令<span class=GramE>创建图层组</span>。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. <span class=GramE>将图层添加到图层组中</span></span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在图层面板中用鼠标将要组织为一组的<span class=GramE>图层拖放到图层</span>组的文件夹图标上，这时会看到，<span
class=GramE>图层的</span>图标，相对<span class=GramE>于图层</span>组，处于往里缩进的位置，表示该图层已被组织到图层中。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. <span class=GramE>复制图层组</span></span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span class=GramE><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>图层组</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>可以被整体复制。用鼠标右键<span
class=GramE>单击图层组</span>图标，在打开的快捷菜单中选择“复制图层组”命令，打开“复制图层组”对话框，一切取默认值，单击“好”按钮，<span
class=GramE>则图层</span>组被复制于原图层组的上面。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>6.2.3<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>删除图层</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>对创建的<span class=GramE>图层或图层组如果</span>不满意或不再需要，可以将其删除。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 删除图层</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可以使用多种方式<span class=GramE>删除图层</span>。选中要删除<span
class=GramE>的图层</span>，选择菜单中的“图层”</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“删除”</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“图层”命令，或选择面板菜单中的“删除图层”命令，或用鼠标右键单击要删除<span class=GramE>的图层</span>，在打开的快捷菜单中选择“删除图层”命令，即可将选定<span
class=GramE>的图层删除</span>。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>最快捷的方法是将面板中<span class=GramE>的图层用</span>鼠标拖至面板右下角的垃圾筒图标中，或选定要删除<span
class=GramE>的图层</span>，单击垃圾筒图标。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. <span class=GramE>删除图层组</span></span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span class=GramE><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>删除图层组</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的方法与<span
class=GramE>删除图层的</span>方法相似，只不过是选择“删除”子菜单中的“删除图层组”命令。</span></p>
<h2 style='margin-top:7.7pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:7.7pt;margin-left:
0cm'><span lang=EN-US>6.3<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>编辑图层</span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span class=GramE><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>图层和图层</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>组建立后，可以对其进行各种编辑操作</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>6.3.1<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
class=GramE><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>图层编辑</span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的一般操作</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span class=GramE><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>编辑图层的</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>一般操作包括<span
class=GramE>移动图层</span>、通过剪切拷贝<span class=GramE>建立图层和锁定图层等</span>。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 移动图层</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择工具箱中的移动工具，在图层面板中选择要移动<span class=GramE>的图层</span>，在图像上的拖动鼠标，则即可移动被选定<span
class=GramE>的图层</span>。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 复制图层</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>要<span class=GramE>复制图层</span>，可以从菜单栏、面板菜单或快捷菜单中选择<span
class=GramE>复制图层的</span>命令。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>也可以将要复制<span class=GramE>的图层用</span>鼠标拖至创建新图层按钮上，从而建立一个<span
class=GramE>复制图层</span>。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 通过剪切和拷贝建立图层</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>剪切与拷贝也是进行复制，但<span class=GramE>与图层复制</span>的不同在于，剪切与拷贝只是用某一图层中选定的区域来<span
class=GramE>建立图层</span>。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>4. <span class=GramE>锁定图层内容</span></span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可以全部或部分地<span class=GramE>锁定图层以</span>保护其内容不被修改。<span
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