📄 第08章 路径.htm
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"Times New Roman"'>还有一种特殊<span class=GramE>的锚点</span>，身兼直线与曲线两种属性，由这些点可以产生直线与曲线相间连接的线段系列。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>路径有开放路径与闭合路径两种。能够区分起点和终点的路径称为开放路径。无法区分起点和终点的路径称为闭合路径。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>路径不一定<span class=GramE>必须由都互相</span>连接的线段系列构成，也可以由若干个互不相连的线段系列构成，其中的每一个线段系列称为子路径。</span></p>
<h2 style='margin-top:7.7pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:7.7pt;margin-left:
0cm'><span lang=EN-US>8.2<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>创建编辑路径</span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>创建路径需要使用钢笔工具和形状工具。编辑路径可以使用钢笔工具、形状工具和路径面板。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>8.2.1<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>创建路径</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在工具面板中钢笔工具按钮上按下鼠标片刻将，打开钢笔工具选择菜单。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在钢笔工具菜单中共有</span><span lang=EN-US>5</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>个选项，其中“钢笔工具”与“自由钢笔工具”用于创建路径。在选项左侧有黑点标记的为当前选中的工具。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在工具面板中的形状工具按钮上按下鼠标片刻，打开形状工具选择菜单。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在形状工具菜单中共有</span><span lang=EN-US>6</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>个选项，其中前</span><span lang=EN-US>5</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>个选项为预定义的形状路径，最后一项可以自定义形状路径。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 钢笔工具</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>钢笔工具是创建路径最常用的工具，使用钢笔工具可以绘制直线、曲线、各种形状。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(1) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>创建直线路径</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用钢笔工具可以绘制直线及由直线构成的图形。用钢笔工具在图像上单击将产生第一个<span class=GramE>路径锚点</span>，<span
class=GramE>该锚点为</span>路径的起点。移动鼠标至图像的另一处，单击鼠标，将产生路径的<span class=GramE>第二个锚点</span>，这时<span
class=GramE>两个锚点之间</span>即可产生一条直线。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(2) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>创建曲线路径。</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择钢笔工具，在图像上按钮鼠标左键并拖动鼠标，这时<span class=GramE>锚</span>点将产生两条方向线松开鼠标，在图像的另一处按钮下鼠标并拖动鼠标，使<span
class=GramE>第二个锚点也</span>产生两条方向线，松开鼠标即可绘制一条曲线图形。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(3) </span><span class=GramE><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>用角点连接</span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>曲线</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>用前述的方法创建的曲线<span class=GramE>锚点属于</span>平滑点，要<span
class=GramE>创建角点</span>，需要先<span class=GramE>按创建</span>平滑点的方式<span class=GramE>创建锚点</span>，然后在没有松开鼠标的情况下，按下〈</span><span
lang=EN-US>Alt</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>〉键不放，继续拖动鼠标，使被拖动的方向线与另一条方向<span
class=GramE>线产生</span>一定的夹角，然后松开鼠标，这时创建<span class=GramE>的锚点即为角点</span>。当创建下<span
class=GramE>一个锚点后</span>，<span class=GramE>角点就</span>将其左右两条曲线以尖角的方式连接在一起。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(4) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>曲线与直线连接</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>如果要使曲线与直线连接，在创建完成曲线后，按下〈</span><span lang=EN-US>Alt</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>〉键不放用鼠标单击曲线的<span class=GramE>终端锚点</span>，然后在图像的另一处单击鼠标，则与曲线连接的就是一条直线。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 自由钢笔工具</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用自由钢笔工具可以用鼠标自由拖动，在鼠标经过处自动生成路径<span class=GramE>和锚点</span>。选择自由钢笔工具后，在工具选项栏中单击几何选项下拉按钮，打开“自由钢笔选项”面板。在“曲线拟合”文本框中输入一个像素值，可以控制绘制路径的灵敏度，像素值的范围在</span><span
lang=EN-US>0.6</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>～</span><span lang=EN-US>10</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>之间，值越小，形成路径<span class=GramE>的锚点越</span>多，值越大，形成的<span
class=GramE>路径锚点越</span>少。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 图形工具</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用图形工具可以创建各种预定义的或自定义的形状路径。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(1) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>使用矩形和椭圆工具</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用矩形和椭圆工具在图像上用鼠标拖动，可以创建矩形和椭圆形路径。在拖动鼠标时，如果按下〈</span><span
lang=EN-US>Shift</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>〉键不放，则可以产生正方形和圆形。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(2) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>使用圆角矩形工具</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用圆角矩形工具可以创建圆角矩形路径，当选中圆角矩形工具时，在工具选项栏中会有一个“半径”选项，在“半径”文本框中输入一个像素值，以决定圆角的大小。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(3) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>使用多边形工具</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用多边形工具可以创建对称的多边形路径。当选中多边形工具时，在工具选项栏中会有一个“边”选项，在“边”文本框中输入一个数值，以决定多边形<span
class=GramE>的边数</span>。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(4) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>使用直线工具</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>如果不作任何设置，用直线工具绘制的直线与用钢笔工具绘制的直线并没有什么区别。选择直线工具后，用鼠标单击工具选项栏的几何特性下拉按钮，打开“箭头”面板。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在“箭头”面板中可以设置用直线工具绘制箭头的各种属性。设置完成后，可以用直线工具绘制箭头。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(5) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>使用自定形状工具</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择“自定形状工具”可以自定义形状路径，在自定形状工具的工具选项栏中有一个“形状”选项，用鼠标单击“形状”下拉按钮，打开形状选择面板，可以在形状列表框中选择一种形状。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>8.2.2<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用钢笔工具编辑路径</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用钢笔工具中的<span class=GramE>添加锚点工具</span>、<span class=GramE>删除锚点工具</span>、转换点工具可以对路径<span
class=GramE>的锚点进行</span>编辑，使用路径选择工具，可以移动路径或对路径变形，使用钢笔工具的工具选项<span class=GramE>栏可以</span>对路径的构成进行重新的组合。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 添加锚点</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在工具箱的钢笔工具按钮上按下鼠标片刻，打开的钢笔工具选择菜单，选择<span class=GramE>添加锚点工具</span>，将鼠标移到路径中要<span
class=GramE>添加锚点的</span>位置，钢笔光标的右下角有一个“</span><span lang=EN-US>+</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>”号，表示要进行<span class=GramE>添加锚点的</span>操作，单击鼠标，该位置上将增加<span
class=GramE>一个锚点</span>。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 删除锚点</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在工具箱的钢笔工具按钮上按下鼠标片刻，打开的钢笔工具选择菜单，选择<span class=GramE>删除锚点工具</span>，将鼠标移到路径中要删除的锚点上，钢笔光标的右下角有一个“</span><span
lang=EN-US>-</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>”号，表示要进行<span class=GramE>删除锚点的</span>操作，单击鼠标，该位置上<span
class=GramE>的锚点即</span>被删除。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 转换锚点</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>如前所述，路径中<span class=GramE>的锚点属性</span>是可以转换的，要<span
class=GramE>转换锚点属性</span>，需要使用“转换点工具”。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>用鼠标指向路径中<span class=GramE>的锚点</span>，按下鼠标左键，拖动鼠标，<span
class=GramE>锚点的</span>属性改变。<span class=GramE>锚点的</span>属性改变后，<span class=GramE>连接锚点的</span>线段性质也随之发生变化。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>4. 路径选择工具</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在工具箱的路径选择工具按钮上按下鼠标片刻，打开路径选择工具菜单。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在菜单中包括“路径选择工具”和“直接选择工具”两种，前者用于对路径整体进行操作，后者用于对路径局部进行操作。</span></p>
<h5><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>(1) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>使用路径选择工具</span></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>路径选择工具可以方便地对路径进行选取，只要用鼠标在路径或子路径上单击，就可以选中路径或子路径，被选中的路径中所有<span
class=GramE>的锚点都</span>处于选中状态。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>路径被选中后，将鼠标移到被选中的路径中，拖动鼠标，即可以实现移动路径的操作。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>对路径中的多个子路径可以进行不同的组合。在工具选项栏中，有四种形式的路径组合方式，用鼠标指向某一种组合按钮，稍停片刻即显示说明。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>添加到形状区域（添加到子路径中）：将两个子路径合并，由重叠区域和不重叠区域共同构成新的路径。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
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