📄 第05章 色彩与色调的应用.htm
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style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>对于对比度较低的图像，可以锁定中间色调，然后使曲线的暗区部分向下弯曲，曲线的亮区部分向上弯曲，来增强对比度。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>5.2.4<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>色彩平衡</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>色彩平衡命令可以简单快捷地调整图像暗颜色区、中间颜色区和亮颜色区的各色彩成分，并混合各色<span
class=GramE>彩达到</span>平衡。不过它只能做到粗略调整，若要精确调整图像中各色彩的成分，还是需要用曲线命令或色阶命令。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择菜单中的“图像”</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“调整”</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“色彩平衡”命令，打开“色彩平衡”对话框。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在对话框的色彩平衡区域，“色阶”的三个文本框，从左至右分别对应从上至下的三个<span class=GramE>滑杆</span>。在三个<span
class=GramE>滑杆</span>的两端分别标识为“青色”与“红色”，“洋红”与“绿色”，“黄色”与“蓝色”，它们是三对互补色。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>每对互补<span class=GramE>色之间</span>，颜色的增加与减少是相反的，例如，增加青色，就意味着减少红色。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>5.2.5<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>调整色彩的亮度与对比度</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>亮度</span><span lang=EN-US>/</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>对比度命令能对整个图像的亮度和对比度进行调整，在调整时，不考虑图像中不同的色调区在亮度</span><span
lang=EN-US>/</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>对比度上有何差异，对图像的任何色调区的像素做同等程度的调整，因而对图像的调整不很准确，但对于各色<span
class=GramE>调区域</span>的亮度</span><span lang=EN-US>/</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>对比度差异较小的图像，能产生较好的效果。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择菜单中的“图像”</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“调整”</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“亮度</span><span lang=EN-US>/</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>对比度”命令，打开“亮度</span><span
lang=EN-US>/</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>对比度”对话框。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>5.2.6<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>调整图像的明暗度</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“暗部</span><span lang=EN-US>/</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>高光”命令用于快速改善图像过亮或<span
class=GramE>过暗区域</span>的对比度，同时保持图像的整体平衡，对于曝光过度或曝光不足的图像予以调整能收到较好的效果。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择菜单中的“暗部</span><span lang=EN-US>/</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>高光”命令，打开“暗部</span><span lang=EN-US>/</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>高光”对话框。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>打开对话框后，</span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>即会对图像自动调整，在此基础上可以进一步调整。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>5.2.7<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>特殊色调调整</span></h3>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>1. 反转图像色彩</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“反相”命令的作用是将图像中每一像素的颜色值，均以其补色颜色<span class=GramE>值予以</span>替换，以产生特殊的色彩效果。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择菜单中的“图像”</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“调整”</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“反相”命令，</span><span lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>自动使图像色彩反转。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>2. 均衡调整图像亮度</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>色调均化命令可以重新分配图像中像素的亮度值，以更均匀地表现所有的亮度级别。<span class=GramE>当应用</span>这一命令时，</span><span
lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>会查找图像中最亮和最暗的值并重新映射这些值，以使最亮的<span
class=GramE>值表示</span>白色，最暗的<span class=GramE>值表示</span>黑色。之后，</span><span
lang=EN-US>Photoshop</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>尝试对亮度进行色调均化处理，即在整个灰度范围内均匀分布中间像素值。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>3. 将图像转换为黑白图像</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>阈值命令可以将一张灰度图像或彩色图像转变为高对比度的黑白图像。通过指定某一亮度值作为阈值，使图像中凡低于该值的像素都转换为黑色，<span
class=GramE>而凡高于</span>该值的像素都转换为白色，从而产生特殊的黑白色彩效果。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择菜单中的“图像”</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“调整”</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“阈值”命令，打开“阈值”对话框。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>4. 图像色调分离</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用“色调分离”命令可以为图像的每一个颜色通道设置若干个亮度级别，从而将图像各颜色的不同亮度级别的像素转换为最接近所设置的亮度级别的值。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在照片中创建特殊效果，如创建大的单调区域时，此命令非常有用。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>选择菜单中的“图像”</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“调整”</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“色调分离”命令，打开“色调分离”对话框。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>5. 颜色匹配</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可以以一<span class=GramE>幅照</span>片的色调为基准，另一幅或多<span
class=GramE>幅照</span>片的色调调整为一种统一协调的颜色风格，如果要进行图像合成，这一功能就非常实用，因为在图像上实现移花接木，张冠李戴时，最不容易处理的就是颜色色调的统一，而颜色匹配命令将以前需要反复调整的操作变得简单化了。</span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN-US>6. 图片过滤器</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>图片过滤器支持多种数码相机的Raw图像模式。图片过滤器通过模拟<span
class=GramE>相机滤镜</span>，对照片滤色，产生各种特殊效果。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>选择菜单中的“图像</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>”</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>调整</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>”</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>→</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>图片过滤器”命令，打开“图片过滤器”对话框。<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h2 style='margin-top:7.7pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:7.7pt;margin-left:
0cm'><span lang=EN-US>5.3<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>应用实例</span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>通过各种颜色调整手段，特别是利用色彩模式的原色调整，往往能产生特殊的图像效果。</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>5.3.1<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>绚丽的彩霞</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:152.4pt;height:111.6pt'>
<v:imagedata src="第05章%20色彩与色调的应用.files/image009.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=203 height=149
src="第05章%20色彩与色调的应用.files/image010.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1029"><![endif]><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span></p>
<h6><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>原图</span></h6>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:152.4pt;height:111.6pt'
fillcolor="window">
<v:imagedata src="第05章%20色彩与色调的应用.files/image011.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=203 height=149
src="第05章%20色彩与色调的应用.files/image012.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1030"><![endif]></span></p>
<h6><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>完成图</span></h6>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>5.3.2<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>改头换面</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:93pt;height:129.6pt'>
<v:imagedata src="第05章%20色彩与色调的应用.files/image013.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=124 height=173
src="第05章%20色彩与色调的应用.files/image014.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1031"><![endif]><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:110.4pt;height:145.8pt'>
<v:imagedata src="第05章%20色彩与色调的应用.files/image015.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=147 height=194
src="第05章%20色彩与色调的应用.files/image016.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1032"><![endif]></span></p>
<h6><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>目标图像</span><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>源图像</span></h6>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1033" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:93pt;height:129pt'>
<v:imagedata src="第05章%20色彩与色调的应用.files/image017.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=124 height=172
src="第05章%20色彩与色调的应用.files/image018.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1033"><![endif]></span></p>
<h6><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>完成效果</span></h6>
</div>
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