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<td bgcolor="ffffff" width="15">&nbsp;</td><td bgcolor="ffffff" width="12">&nbsp;</td><td valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="ffffff" width="*">
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<td width="90%"><font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica"><b>XML 文档中的其它项</b></font></td><td width="200" align="right"><font size="1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica"><nobr>   第 9 页（共10 页）</nobr></font></td>
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<font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>您或许会在一个 XML 文档中发现其它几项：</p>
<ul>
<li>

<b>注释：</b>注释可以出现在文档的任何位置；它们甚至可以出现在根元素的前面或后面。注释以 <code>&lt;!--</code> 开始，以 <code>--&gt;</code> 结束。注释不能在结束部分以外包含双连字符（<code>--</code>）；除此之外，注释可以包含任何内容。最重要的是，注释内的任何标记都被忽略；如果您希望除去 XML 文档的一块较大部分，只需用注释括住那个部分即可。（要恢复这个注释掉的部分，只需除去注释标记即可。）下面是包含注释的标记：</li>
</ul>
<pre>
<code style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: 12">
&lt;!-- Here's a PI for Cocoon: --&gt;
&lt;?cocoon-process type="sql"?&gt;
          </code>
</pre>
<ul>
<li>

<b>处理指令：</b>处理指令是为使用一段特殊代码而设计的标记。在上面的示例中，有一个用于 Cocoon 的处理指令（有时称为 PI），Cocoon 是来自 Apache 软件基金会（Apache Software Foundation）的 XML 处理框架。当 Cocoon 处理 XML 文档时，它会寻找以 <code>cocoon-process</code> 开头的处理指令，然后相应地处理 XML 文档。在该示例中，<code>type="sql"</code> 属性告诉 Cocoon：XML 文档包含一个 SQL 语句。</li>
</ul>
<pre>
<code style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: 12">
&lt;!-- Here's an entity: --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY dw "developerWorks"&gt;
          </code>
</pre>
<ul>
<li>

<b>实体：</b>上面的示例为文档定义了一个<i>实体</i>。无论 XML 处理器在何处找到字符串 <code>&amp;dw;</code>，它都会用字符串 <code>developerWorks</code> 代替该实体。XML 规范还定义了五个您可以用来替代不同的特殊字符的实体。这些实体是：<ul>
<li>

<code>&amp;lt;</code> 代表小于符号</li>
<li>

<code>&amp;gt;</code> 代表大于符号</li>
<li>

<code>&amp;quot;</code> 代表一个双引号</li>
<li>

<code>&amp;apos;</code> 代表一个单引号（或撇号）</li>
<li>

<code>&amp;amp;</code> 代表一个&ldquo;与&rdquo;符号。</li>
</ul>

</li>
</ul>
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