joe.1.in

举世闻名的joe记事本源程序

arrow keys (or if they don't work for some reason), use \fB^F\fR to move
forwards (right), \fB^B\fR to move backwards (left), \fB^P\fR to move to the
previous line (up), and \fB^N\fR to move to the next line (down).  The right
and left arrow keys simply move forwards or backwards one character at a
time through the text: if you're at the beginning of a line and
you press left-arrow, you will end up at the end of the previous line.  The
up and down arrow keys move forwards and backwards by enough characters so
that the cursor appears in the same column that it was in on the original
line.

If you want to indent the text you enter, you can use the \fBTAB\fR key. 
This inserts a special control character which makes the characters which
follow it begin at the next TAB STOP.  TAB STOPS normally occur every 8
columns, but this can be changed with the \fB^T D\fR command.  PASCAL and C
programmers often set TAB STOPS on every 4 columns.

If for some reason your terminal screen gets messed up (for example, if
you receive a mail notice from biff), you can have the editor refresh the
screen by hitting \fB^R\fR.

There are many other keys for deleting text and moving around the file.  For 
example, hit \fB^D\fR to delete the character the cursor is on instead of 
deleting backwards like \fBBackspace\fR.  \fB^D\fR will also delete a 
line-break if the cursor is at the end of a line.  Type \fB^Y\fR to delete 
the entire line the cursor is on or \fB^J\fR to delete just from the cursor 
to the end of the line.  

Hit \fB^A\fR to move the cursor to the beginning of the line it's on.  Hit 
\fB^E\fR to move the cursor to the end of the line.  Hit \fB^U\fR or 
\fB^V\fR for scrolling the cursor up or down 1/2 a screen's worth.  
"Scrolling" means that the text on the screen moves, but the cursor stays at 
the same place relative to the screen.  Hit \fB^K U\fR or \fB^K V\fR to move 
the cursor to the beginning or the end of the file.  Look at the help 
screens in the editor to find even more delete and movement commands.  

If you make a mistake, you can hit \fB^_\fR to "undo" it.  On most keyboards
you hit just \fB^-\fR to get \fB^_\fR, but on some you might have to hold
both the \fBShift\fR and \fBControl\fR keys down at the same time to get it.
If you "undo" too much, you can "redo" the changes back into existence by
hitting \fB^^\fR (type this with just \fB^6\fR on most keyboards).

If you were editing in one place within the file, and you then temporarily 
had to look or edit some other place within the file, you can get back to 
the original place by hitting \fB^K -\fR.  This command actually returns you 
to the last place you made a change in the file.  You can step through a 
history of places with \fB^K -\fR and \fB^K =\fR, in the same way you can 
step through the history of changes with the "undo" and "redo" commands.  

When you are done editing the file, hit \fB^K X\fR to exit the editor.  You
will be prompted for a file name if you hadn't already named the file you
were editing.

When you edit a file, you actually edit only a copy of the file.  So if you
decide that you don't want the changes you made to a file during a
particular edit session, you can hit \fB^C\fR to exit the editor without
saving them.

If you edit a file and save the changes, a "backup" copy of that file is 
created in the current directory, with a ~ appended to the name, which 
contains the original version of the file. 

.SS Word wrap and formatting

If you type past the right edge of the screen in a C language or PASCAL 
file, the screen will scroll to the right to follow the cursor.  If you type 
past the right edge of the screen in a normal file (one whose name doesn't 
end in .c, .h or .p), JOE will automatically wrap the last word onto the 
next line so that you don't have to hit \fBReturn\fR.  This is called 
word-wrap mode.  Word-wrap can be turned on or off with the \fB^T W\fR 
command.  JOE's initialization file is usually set up so that this mode is 
automatically turned on for all non-program files.  See the section below on 
the \fBjoerc\fR file to change this and other defaults.  

Aside for Word-wrap mode, JOE does not automatically keep paragraphs 
formatted like some word-processors.  Instead, if you need a paragraph to be 
reformatted, hit \fB^K J\fR.  This command "fills in" the paragraph that the 
cursor is in, fitting as many words in a line as is possible.  A paragraph, 
in this case, is a block of text separated above and below by a blank line.  

The margins which JOE uses for paragraph formatting and word-wrap can be set
with the \fB^T L\fR and \fB^T R\fR commands.  If the left margin is set to
a value other than 1, then when you start typing at the beginning of a line,
the cursor will immediately jump to the left margin.

If you want to center a line within the margins, use the \fB^K A\fR command.

.SS Over-type mode

Sometimes it's tiresome to have to delete old text before or after you 
insert new text.  This happens, for example, when you are changing a table 
and you want to maintain the column position of the right side of the table.  
When this occurs, you can put the editor in over-type mode with \fB^T T\fR.  
When the editor is in this mode, the characters you type in replace existing 
characters, in the way an idealized typewriter would.  Also, \fBBackspace\fR 
simply moves left instead of deleting the character to the left, when it's 
not at the end or beginning of a line.  Over-type mode is not the natural 
way of dealing with text electronically, so you should go back to 
insert-mode as soon as possible by typing \fB^T T\fR again.  

If you need to insert while you're in over-type mode, hit \fB^@\fR.  This
inserts a single SPACE into the text.

.SS Control and Meta characters

Each character is represented by a number.  For example, the number for 'A'
is 65 and the number for '1' is 49.  All of the characters which you
normally see have numbers in the range of 32 - 126 (this particular
arbitrary assignment between characters and numbers is called the ASCII
character set).  The numbers outside of this range, from 0 to 255, aren't
usually displayed, but sometimes have other special meanings.  The number
10, for example, is used for the line-breaks.  You can enter these special,
non-displayed \fBcontrol characters\fR by first hitting \fB`\fR and then
hitting a character in the range \fB@ A B C ... X Y Z [ ^ ] \e _\fR to get
the number 0 - 31, and ? to get 127.  For example, if you hit \fB` J\fR,
you'll insert a line-break character, or if you hit \fB` I\fR, you'll insert
a TAB character (which does the same thing the TAB key does).  A useful
control character to enter is 12 (\fB` L\fR), which causes most printers to
advance to the top of the page.  You'll notice that JOE displays this
character as an underlined L.  You can enter the characters above 127, the
\fBmeta characters\fR, by first hitting \fB^\e\fR.  This adds 128
to the next (possibly control) character entered.  JOE displays characters
above 128 in inverse-video.  Some foreign languages, which have more letters
than English, use the meta characters for the rest of their alphabet.  You
have to put the editor in \fBASIS\fR mode (described later) to have these
passed untranslated to the terminal.

.SS Prompts
If you hit \fBTAB\fR at any file name prompt, joe will attempt to complete
the name you entered as much as possible.  If it couldn't complete the
entire name, because there are more than one possible completions, joe
beeps.  If you hit \fBTAB\fR again, joe list the completions.  You can use
the arrow keys to move around this directory menu and press RETURN or SPACE
to select an item.  If you press the first letter of one of the directory
entries, it will be selected, or if more than one entry has the same first
letter, the cursor will jump between those entries.  If you select a
subdirectory or .., the directory name is appended to the prompt and the new
directory is loaded into the menu.  You can hit Backspace to go back to the
previous directory.

Most prompts record a history of the responses you give them.  You can hit
up and down arrow to step through these histories.

Prompts are actually single line windows with no status line, so you can use
any editing command that you normally use on text within the prompts.  The
prompt history is actually just other lines of the same "prompt file".  Thus
you can can search backwards though the prompt history with the normal \fB^K
F\fR command if you want.

Since prompts are windows, you can also switch out of them with \fB^K P\fR
and \fB^K N\fR.

.SS Where am I?

Hit \fB^K SPACE\fR to have JOE report the line number, column number, and
byte number on the last line of the screen.  The number associated with the
character the cursor is on (its ASCII code) is also shown.  You can have the
line number and/or column number always displayed on the status line by
setting placing the appropriate escape sequences in the status line setup
strings.  Edit the joerc file for details.

.SS File operations

You can hit \fB^K D\fR to save the current file (possibly under a different
name from what the file was called originally).  After the file is saved,
you can hit \fB^K E\fR to edit a different file.

If you want to save only a selected section of the file, see the section on
\fBBlocks\fR below.

If you want to include another file in the file you're editing, use \fB^K
R\fR to insert it.

.SS Temporarily suspending the editor

If you need to temporarily stop the editor and go back to the shell, hit 
\fB^K Z\fR.  You might want to do this to stop whatever you're editing and 
answer an e-mail message or read this man page, for example.  You have to 
type \fBfg\fR or \fBexit\fR (you'll be told which when you hit \fB^K Z\fR) 
to return to the editor.  

.SS Searching for text

Hit \fB^K F\fR to have the editor search forwards or backwards for a text 
fragment (\fBstring\fR) for you.  You will be prompted for the text to 
search for.  After you hit \fBReturn\fR, you are prompted to enter options.  
You can just hit \fBReturn\fR again to have the editor immediately search 
forwards for the text, or you can enter one or more of these options: 

.IP \fBb
Search backwards instead of forwards.

.IP \fBi
Treat uppercase and lower case letters as the same when searching.  Normally
uppercase and lowercase letters are considered to be different.

.IP \fBnnn
(where \fBnnn\fR is a number) If you enter a number, JOE searches for the 
Nth occurrence of the text.  This is useful for going to specific places in 
files structured in some regular manner.  

.IP \fBr
Replace text.  If you enter the \fBr\fR option, then you will be further
prompted for replacement text.  Each time the editor finds the search text,
you will be prompted as to whether you want to replace the found search text
with the replacement text.  You hit: \fBy\fR to replace the text and then
find the next occurrence, \fBn\fR to not replace this text, but to then find
the next occurrence, \fBr\fR to replace all of the remaining occurrences of
the search text in the remainder of the file without asking for confirmation
(subject to the \fBnnn\fR option above), or \fB^C\fR to stop searching and
replacing.

.PP
You can hit \fB^L\fR to repeat the previous search.  

.SS Regular Expressions

A number of special character sequences may be entered as search text:

.IP \fB\e*
This finds zero or more characters.  For example, if you give \fBA\e*B\fR as
the search text, JOE will try to find an A followed by any number of characters
and then a B.

.IP \fB\e?
This finds exactly one character.  For example, if you give \fBA\e?B\fR as
the search text, JOE will find AXB, but not AB or AXXB.

.IP \fB\e^\ \e$
These match the beginning and end of a line.  For example, if you give
\fB\e^test\e$\fR, then JOE with find \fBtest\fR on a line by itself.

.IP \fB\e<\ \e>
These match the beginning and end of a word.  For example, if you give
\fB\e<\e*is\e*\e>\fR, then joe will find whole words which have the
sub-string \fBis\fR within them.

.IP \fB\e[...]
This matches any single character which appears within the brackets.  For
example, if \fB\e[Tt]his\fR is entered as the search string, then JOE finds
both \fBThis\fR and \fBthis\fR.  Ranges of characters can be entered within
the brackets.  For example, \fB\e[A-Z]\fR finds any uppercase letter.  If
the first character given in the brackets is \fB^\fR, then JOE tries to find
any character not given in the the brackets.

.IP \fB\ec
This works like \fB\e*\fR, but matches a balanced C-language expression. 
For example, if you search for \fBmalloc(\ec)\fR, then JOE will find all
function calls to \fBmalloc\fR, even if there was a \fB)\fR within the
parenthesis.

.IP \fB\e+
This finds zero or more of the character which immediately follows the
\fB\e+\fR.  For example, if you give \fB\e[ ]\e+\e[ ]\fR, where the
characters within the brackets are both SPACE and TAB, then JOE will find
whitespace.

.IP \fB\e\e
Matches a single \e.

.IP \fB\en
This finds the special end-of-line or line-break character.

.PP
A number of special character sequences may also be given in the replacement
string: