install-post.html

FreeBSD安装说明概述 FreeBSD 提供了一个以文字为主

<pre class="SCREEN">
For each depth, a list of modes (resolutions) is defined. The default
resolution that the server will start-up with will be the first listed
mode that can be supported by the monitor and card.
Currently it is set to:

"640x480" "800x600" "1024x768" "1280x1024" for 8-bit
"640x480" "800x600" "1024x768" "1280x1024" for 16-bit
"640x480" "800x600" "1024x768" "1280x1024" for 24-bit

Modes that cannot be supported due to monitor or clock constraints will
be automatically skipped by the server.

 1  Change the modes for 8-bit (256 colors)
 2  Change the modes for 16-bit (32K/64K colors)
 3  Change the modes for 24-bit (24-bit color)
 4  The modes are OK, continue.

Enter your choice: 2

Select modes from the following list:

 1  "640x400"
 2  "640x480"
 3  "800x600"
 4  "1024x768"
 5  "1280x1024"
 6  "320x200"
 7  "320x240"
 8  "400x300"
 9  "1152x864"
 a  "1600x1200"
 b  "1800x1400"
 c  "512x384"

Please type the digits corresponding to the modes that you want to select.
For example, 432 selects "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480", with a
default mode of 1024x768.

Which modes? 432

You can have a virtual screen (desktop), which is screen area that is larger
than the physical screen and which is panned by moving the mouse to the edge
of the screen. If you don't want virtual desktop at a certain resolution,
you cannot have modes listed that are larger. Each color depth can have a
differently-sized virtual screen

Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'.
Do you want a virtual screen that is larger than the physical screen? n



For each depth, a list of modes (resolutions) is defined. The default
resolution that the server will start-up with will be the first listed
mode that can be supported by the monitor and card.
Currently it is set to:

"640x480" "800x600" "1024x768" "1280x1024" for 8-bit
"1024x768" "800x600" "640x480" for 16-bit
"640x480" "800x600" "1024x768" "1280x1024" for 24-bit

Modes that cannot be supported due to monitor or clock constraints will
be automatically skipped by the server.

 1  Change the modes for 8-bit (256 colors)
 2  Change the modes for 16-bit (32K/64K colors)
 3  Change the modes for 24-bit (24-bit color)
 4  The modes are OK, continue.

Enter your choice: 4



Please specify which color depth you want to use by default:

  1  1 bit (monochrome)
  2  4 bits (16 colors)
  3  8 bits (256 colors)
  4  16 bits (65536 colors)
  5  24 bits (16 million colors)

Enter a number to choose the default depth.

4
</pre>

<p>最后，要保存你的配置，确定输入 <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/XF86Config</tt>
作为保存位置。</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
I am going to write the XF86Config file now. Make sure you don't accidently
overwrite a previously configured one.

Shall I write it to /etc/X11/XF86Config? y
</pre>

<p>如果你配置失败，你也可以尝试着按 <span class="GUIMENUITEM">[ Yes ]</span> 来
重新再试一次，会显示下面的信息：</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
          User Confirmation Requested
The XFree86 configuration process seems to have
failed.  Would you like to try again?

             [ Yes ]         No
</pre>

<p>如果配置 <b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">XFree86</span></b>时遇上困难，请选择 <span class="GUIMENUITEM">[ No
]</span> 并按 <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>键继续 进行安装。安装完成后可以使用 <tt
class="COMMAND">xf86cfg -textmode</tt> 或 <tt class="COMMAND">xf86config</tt>
命令行配置程序来以 <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> 用户的身份进行配置。配置 <b
class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">XFree86</span></b> 的另外一种方法 描述在 <a
href="x11.html">Chapter 5</a>。如果你选择不配置<b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">XFree86</span></b> 那么下一个菜单将让你选择要安装的软件包。</p>

<p>默认情况下可以使用组合键 <b class="KEYCAP">Ctrl</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>+<b
class="KEYCAP">Backspace</b>，在发生错误或在硬件损坏前退出 设置屏幕。</p>

<p>默认的显示模式可以使用X系统下的 <b class="KEYCAP">Ctrl</b>+<b
class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">+</b> 或 <b class="KEYCAP">Ctrl</b>+<b
class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">-</b>来改变。</p>

<p>安装完成后，可以调整显示的高度和宽度或通过使用<b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">XFree86</span></b> 下的<b
class="APPLICATION">xvidtune</b>来将其置于中心位置。</p>

<p>一些不适当的配置可能会损坏你的设备。如果在使用它们前存在疑虑，请不要
安装它们。可以使用监视器的控制工具来调整Ｘ窗口的显示。与文本显示模式不同
它更容易损坏设备。</p>

<p>在调整这些参数前，请阅读 <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">xvidtune</span>(1)</span> 手册。</p>

<p>下面是一个配置 <b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">XFree86</span></b>
的成功例子，它选择了 使用默认的桌面。</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="DEFAULT-DESKTOP" name="DEFAULT-DESKTOP">2.9.13.
选择默认的桌面</a></h2>

<p>有许多窗口管理器可以使用。它们从基本的桌面环境到全部的桌面应用，是
一个大型的软件集。一些人可能只希望使用一些占用磁盘空间少，内存低的窗口
管理器；而另外一些人则更倾向于使用有便多特性的桌面环境。选择使用那种桌
面的最好的方法就是尝试着试用一些不同的桌面环境。这些桌面都可以在安装
完成后通过ports收集或包管理器来进行安装。</p>

<p>您可以选择一个流行的桌面配置成为默认的桌面，可以使您在安装完 成后立刻启动它。</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="X-DESKTOP" name="X-DESKTOP"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-56. 选择默认桌面</b></p>

<p><img src="install/desktop.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>使用箭头选择一个桌面，然后键入<b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>键。选择的桌面将被 安装。</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="PACKAGES" name="PACKAGES">2.9.14. 安装软件包</a></h2>

<p>这些软件包已经被预编译成二进制程序了，安装软件有一个很简单的方法。</p>

<p>为了说明问题，这里给您做了一个怎样来安装软件包的范例，额外的软件包
也可以在这时安装。您也可以在安装结束后使用 <tt class="COMMAND">/stand/sysinstall</tt>
程序来安装软件包。</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
                     User Confirmation Requested
 The FreeBSD package collection is a collection of hundreds of
 ready-to-run applications, from text editors to games to WEB servers
 and more. Would you like to browse the collection now?

                            [ Yes ]   No
</pre>

<p>选择 <span class="GUIMENUITEM">[ Yes ]</span> 按<b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>
将会显示软件包选择屏幕。</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="PACKAGE-CATEGORY" name="PACKAGE-CATEGORY"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-57. 选择软件所的种类</b></p>

<p><img src="install/pkg-cat.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>在任何时候只有安装介质上有的软件包才能被安装进系统。</p>

<p>如果选择<span class="GUIMENUITEM">All</span> 那么所有的软件包将会被显示，您也
可以选择一个特殊的分类。使用箭头进行选择，然后键入 <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>。</p>

<p>一个菜单将会显示这个分类中可用的所有软件包。</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="PACKAGE-SELECT" name="PACKAGE-SELECT"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-58. 选择软件包</b></p>

<p><img src="install/pkg-sel.png" /></p>
</div>

<p><b class="APPLICATION">bash</b> shell 被选中了。通过在加亮的软件 上键入<b
class="KEYCAP">Space</b> 键，来选择您想要的软件所。每个选择的软件
包的简短描述都会显示在屏幕左下脚。</p>

<p>按 <b class="KEYCAP">Tab</b> 键选择 <span class="GUIBUTTON">[&nbsp;OK&nbsp;]</span>或
<span class="GUIBUTTON">[&nbsp;Cancel&nbsp;]</span>。</p>

<p>当您完成了安装标记之后，键入 <b class="KEYCAP">Tab</b> 键选择 <span
class="GUIBUTTON">[&nbsp;OK&nbsp;]</span> 然后键入<b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>
返回软件包选择菜单。</p>

<p>左右箭头键也可以用来选择 <span class="GUIBUTTON">[&nbsp;OK&nbsp;]</span>和 <span
class="GUIBUTTON">[&nbsp;Cancel&nbsp;]</span>。用这种方法也可以 用 <span
class="GUIBUTTON">[&nbsp;OK&nbsp;]</span> 然后按 <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>
来返回软件包选择菜单。</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="PACKAGE-INSTALL" name="PACKAGE-INSTALL"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-59. 安装软件包</b></p>

<p><img src="install/pkg-install.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>使用 <b class="KEYCAP">Tab</b> 和箭头键来选择 <span class="GUIBUTTON">[ Install
]</span> 然后键入 <b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>。您接着需要确定您要安装的软件包。</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="PACKAGE-INSTALL-CONFIRM" name="PACKAGE-INSTALL-CONFIRM"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-60. 确认安装的软件包</b></p>

<p><img src="install/pkg-confirm.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>选择 <span class="GUIBUTTON">[&nbsp;OK&nbsp;]</span> 然后键入<b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> 键将开始软件的安装，
安装信息将会不断地出现。如果有一些错误信息，请作好记录。</p>

<p>安装完成之后，继续最后的配置。如果您不想安装任何软件包并退回到
最终配置屏幕，请选择<span class="GUIBUTTON">Install</span> 。</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="ADDUSERS" name="ADDUSERS">2.9.15. 添加用户/组</a></h2>

<p>您至少要在安装过程中添加一个用户，以便于您能不用<tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>
来登陆使用系统。根分区通常比较小，用 <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> 来运行应用程序
可能会快一点。但这样会有一些危险：</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
                     User Confirmation Requested
 Would you like to add any initial user accounts to the system? Adding
 at least one account for yourself at this stage is suggested since
 working as the "root" user is dangerous (it is easy to do things which
 adversely affect the entire system).

                            [ Yes ]   No
</pre>

<p>选择 <span class="GUIBUTTON">[ Yes ]</span> 然后键入<b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b> 继续
添加用户。</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="ADD-USER2" name="ADD-USER2"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-61. 选择用户</b></p>

<p><img src="install/adduser1.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>用箭头键来选择 <span class="GUIMENUITEM">User</span> 然后按 <b
class="KEYCAP">Enter</b>。</p>

<div class="FIGURE"><a id="ADD-USER3" name="ADD-USER3"></a>
<p><b>Figure 2-62. 添加用户信息</b></p>

<p><img src="install/adduser2.png" /></p>
</div>

<p>下面的描述信息会出现在屏幕的下方，可以使用 <b class="KEYCAP">Tab</b>
键来切换不同的项目，以便输入相关信息：</p>

<div class="VARIABLELIST">
<dl>
<dt>Login ID</dt>

<dd>
<p>新用户的登陆名（强制性必须写）</p>
</dd>

<dt>UID</dt>

<dd>
<p>这个用户的ID编号（如果不写，系统自动添加）</p>
</dd>

<dt>Group</dt>

<dd>
<p>这个用户的登陆组名（如果不写，系统自动添加）</p>
</dd>

<dt>Password</dt>

<dd>
<p>这个用户的密码（键入这个需要很仔细！）</p>
</dd>

<dt>Full name</dt>

<dd>
<p>用户的全名（解释、备注）</p>
</dd>

<dt>Member groups</dt>

<dd>
<p>这个用户所在的组</p>
</dd>

<dt>Home directory</dt>

<dd>
<p>用户的主目录（如果不写，系统自动添加）</p>
</dd>

<dt>Login shell</dt>

<dd>
<p>用户登陆的shell（默认是<tt class="FILENAME">/bin/sh</tt>）。</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>

<p>登陆的shell可以在 <tt class="FILENAME">/bin/sh</tt> 到 <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/local/bin/bash</tt> 中修改。 <b class="APPLICATION">bas