sapr3.html

FreeBSD安装说明概述 FreeBSD 提供了一个以文字为主

<p>在你使用组<tt class="GROUPNAME">dba</tt>和<tt
class="GROUPNAME">oper</tt>的情况下你也应该包括 <tt class="GROUPNAME">oper</tt>。</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="CREATINGDIRECTORIES" name="CREATINGDIRECTORIES">22.7.7.3.
创建目录</a></h3>

<p>这些目录通常建立在不同的文件系统上。这完全依赖于你的需求。
我们选择把它们建立在同一个目录：</p>

<p>首先我们将设置一些目录的所有者和权限（以<tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>身份设置）：</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">chmod 775 /oracle</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">chmod 777 /sapmnt</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">chown root:dba /oracle</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">chown <var
class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var>adm:sapsys /compat/linux/usr/sap</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">chmod 775 /compat/linux/usr/sap</kbd>
</pre>

<p>然后我们以<tt class="USERNAME">ora<var
class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var></tt>身份创建目录， 这些目录将成为<tt
class="FILENAME">/oracle/<var class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var></tt>的子目录：</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">su - ora<var
class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var></kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /oracle/<var
class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var></kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">mkdir mirrlogA mirrlogB origlogA origlogB</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">mkdir sapdata1 sapdata2 sapdata3 sapdata4 sapdata5 sapdata6</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir saparch sapreorg</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">exit</kbd>
</pre>

<p>对于<b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span>
8.1.7</b>的安装，需要一些额外的目录：</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">su - ora<var
class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var></kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /oracle</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir 805_32</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir client stage</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir client/80x_32</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir stage/817_32</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /oracle/<var
class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var></kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir 817_32</kbd>
</pre>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> 目录<tt
class="FILENAME">client/80x_32</tt>必须是这个名字，不要用其他数字或字母来替换<span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">x</i></span>。</p>
</blockquote>
</div>

<p>第三步我们要以<tt class="USERNAME"><var
class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var>adm</tt>身份创建目录：</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">su - <var
class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var>adm</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/sap</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir <var
class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var></kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir trans</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">exit</kbd>
</pre>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="ENTRIESINSLASHETCSLASHSERVICES"
name="ENTRIESINSLASHETCSLASHSERVICES">22.7.7.4. <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/services</tt>中的条目</a></h3>

<p><b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span
class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span></b>在<tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/services</tt>里面需要一些条目，
这些不会在安装过程中被正确设置，请添加下面的条目：</p>

<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
sapdp00    3200/tcp # SAP Dispatcher.      3200 + Instance-Number
sapgw00  3300/tcp # SAP Gateway.         3300 + Instance-Number
sapsp00  3400/tcp #                      3400 + Instance-Number
sapms00  3500/tcp #                      3500 + Instance-Number
sapms<var
class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var> 3600/tcp # SAP Message Server.  3600 + Instance-Number
sapgw00s   4800/tcp # SAP Secure Gateway   4800 + Instance-Number
</pre>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="NECESSARYLOCALES" name="NECESSARYLOCALES">22.7.7.5.
必要的本地化</a></h3>

<p><b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b>至少要求两个本地化设置，它不是RedHat的默认安装。 <span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>提供从他们的FTP服务器下载必需的RPMs（只有你是OSS的客户才能访问）。
看注解0171356查找你需要的RPMs列表。</p>

<p>也可以只创建适当的链接（例如从<span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">de_DE</i></span>到<span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">en_US</i></span>）， 但是我们不推荐在生产系统上这样做（尽管它让IDES
system工作的没有一点问题）。 下面的本地化设置是必需的：</p>

<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
de_DE.ISO-8859-1
en_US.ISO-8859-1
</pre>

<p>像这样创建链接</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">cd /compat/linux/usr/share/locale</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">ln -s de_DE de_DE.ISO-8859-1</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">ln -s en_US en_US.ISO-8859-1</kbd>
</pre>

<p>如果他们不出现，在安装时可能会有问题。如果忽略这些问题（通过设置<tt
class="FILENAME">CENTRDB.R3S</tt>文件 里面的<var class="LITERAL">STATUS</var>为<var
class="LITERAL">OK</var>），不费一番周折， 你就别想登陆进<b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b>系统。</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="KERNELTUNING" name="KERNELTUNING">22.7.7.6. 内核调整</a></h3>

<p><b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span
class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span></b>
需要许多资源。我因此添加了下面的参数在我的内核配置文件中：</p>

<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
# Set these for memory pigs (SAP and Oracle):
options MAXDSIZ="(1024*1024*1024)"
options DFLDSIZ="(1024*1024*1024)"
# System V options needed.
options SYSVSHM #SYSV-style shared memory
options SHMMAXPGS=262144 #max amount of shared mem. pages
#options SHMMAXPGS=393216 #use this for the 46C inst.parameters
options SHMMNI=256 #max number of shared memory ident if.
options SHMSEG=100 #max shared mem.segs per process
options SYSVMSG #SYSV-style message queues
options MSGSEG=32767 #max num. of mes.segments in system
options MSGSSZ=32 #size of msg-seg. MUST be power of 2
options MSGMNB=65535 #max char. per message queue
options MSGTQL=2046 #max amount of msgs in system
options SYSVSEM #SYSV-style semaphores
options SEMMNU=256 #number of semaphore UNDO structures
options SEMMNS=1024 #number of semaphores in system
options SEMMNI=520 #number of semaphore identifiers
options SEMUME=100       #number of UNDO keys
</pre>

<p>这篇文档中指定的最小值是来自<span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>。没有针对Linux的描述，看看HP-UX的相关介绍了解更多信息 。
安装4.6C SR2需要更多的内存，共享内存比<b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b>和 <b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span></b>需要的还多，所以尽量为共享内存选一个大值。</p>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> FreeBSD&nbsp;4.5在<span
class="TRADEMARK">i386</span>&#8482;上缺省应该设置<var class="LITERAL">MAXDSIZ</var>和
<var class="LITERAL">DFLDSIZ</var>到1&nbsp;GB。否则，奇怪的错误像 ``<tt
class="ERRORNAME">ORA-27102: out of memory</tt>''和 ``<tt class="ERRORNAME">Linux Error:
12: Cannot allocate memory</tt>'' 会出现。</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="INSTALLINGSAPR3" name="INSTALLINGSAPR3">22.7.8. 安装<span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span></a></h2>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="PREPARINGSAPCDROMS" name="PREPARINGSAPCDROMS">22.7.8.1.
准备<span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span> CDROMs</a></h3>

<p>在安装过程中，有许多CDROM要被挂上和卸下。建议你有多个CDROM驱动器，
你可以把它们都挂上。我决定拷贝CDROM的内容到相应的目录：</p>

<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
/oracle/<var class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var>/sapreorg/<var
class="REPLACEABLE">cd-name</var>
</pre>

<p>对于4.6B/IDES的安装，<var class="REPLACEABLE">cd-name</var>是<tt
class="FILENAME">KERNEL</tt>， <tt class="FILENAME">RDBMS</tt>， <tt
class="FILENAME">EXPORT1</tt>， <tt class="FILENAME">EXPORT2</tt>，<tt
class="FILENAME">EXPORT3</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">EXPORT4</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">EXPORT5</tt> 和 <tt class="FILENAME">EXPORT6</tt>中的一个，对于4.6C
SR2的安装，是 <tt class="FILENAME">KERNEL</tt>， <tt class="FILENAME">RDBMS</tt>， <tt
class="FILENAME">DISK1</tt>，<tt class="FILENAME">DISK2</tt>， <tt
class="FILENAME">DISK3</tt>，<tt class="FILENAME">DISK4</tt>和 <tt
class="FILENAME">LANG</tt>中的一个。 所有挂载上的CDs里面的文件名都应该是大写，
否则要用<var class="OPTION">-g</var>选项来挂载。所以使用下面的命令：</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mount_cd9660 -g /dev/cd0a /mnt</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cp -R /mnt/* /oracle/<var
class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var>/sapreorg/<var class="REPLACEABLE">cd-name</var></kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">umount /mnt</kbd>
</pre>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="RUNNINGTHEINSTALL-SCRIPT"
name="RUNNINGTHEINSTALL-SCRIPT">22.7.8.2. 运行安装脚本</a></h3>

<p>首先你需要准备一个<tt class="FILENAME">install</tt>目录：</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /oracle/<var
class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var>/sapreorg</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir install</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd install</kbd>
</pre>

<p>然后运行安装脚本，他会拷贝所有相关的文件到<tt class="FILENAME">install</tt>目录：</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">/oracle/<var
class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var>/sapreorg/KERNEL/UNIX/INSTTOOL.SH</kbd>
</pre>

<p>由于这是一个完全定制化的<span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span
class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span>演示系统的IDES安装（4.6B）， 我们有6个而不仅仅是3个EXPORT
CDs。 基于这点，安装模板<tt class="FILENAME">CENTRDB.R3S</tt>是用来安装一个标准的中央环境
（<b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span></b>和数据库），而不是IDES中央环境， 所以从<tt
class="FILENAME">EXPORT1</tt>目录拷贝相应的<tt class="FILENAME">CENTRDB.R3S</tt>，
否则<tt class="COMMAND">R3SETUP</tt>只要求3个EXPORT CDs。</p>

<p>新的<b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span> 4.6C
SR2</b>发行版带有4张EXPORT CDs。 控制安装步骤的参数文件是<tt
class="FILENAME">CENTRAL.R3S</tt>。
和早期发行版不同，它没有分开的中央环境的安装模板。</p>

<p>安装完后，使用<tt class="COMMAND">hostname</tt>命令得到<b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b>需要的主机名， 不需要完整的域名。 所以为<tt
class="USERNAME">ora<var class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var></tt>和 <tt class="USERNAME"><var
class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var>adm</tt> 直接设置主机名，或设置别名<tt class="COMMAND">alias
hostname='hostname -s'</tt>。 可以在<tt class="FILENAME">.profile</tt>和<tt
class="FILENAME">.login</tt>里面为这两个用户设置。</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="STARTR3SETUP-46B" name="STARTR3SETUP-46B">22.7.8.3. 启动<tt
class="COMMAND">R3SETUP</tt> 4.6B</a></h3>

<p>确定<tt class="ENVAR">LD_LIBRARY_PATH</tt>设置正确：</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/oracle/IDS/lib:/sapmnt/IDS/exe:/oracle/805_32/lib</kbd>
</pre>

<p>从安装目录以<tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>身份启动<tt
class="COMMAND">R3SETUP</tt>：</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">cd /oracle/IDS/sapreorg/install</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">./R3SETUP -f CENTRDB.R3S</kbd>
</pre>

<p>这个脚本会问一些问题（括号里面是缺省值，后面是实际输入）：</p>

<div class="INFORMALTABLE"><a id="AEN32889" name="AEN32889"></a>
<table border="1" class="CALSTABLE">
<col />
<col />
<col />
<thead>
<tr>
<th>问题</th>
<th>缺省值</th>
<th>输入</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Enter SAP System ID</td>
<td>[C11]</td>
<td>IDS<b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Enter SAP Instance Number</td>
<td>[00]</td>
<td><b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Enter SAPMOUNT Directory</td>
<td>[/sapmnt]</td>
<td><b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Enter name of SAP central host</td>
<td>[troubadix.domain.de]</td>
<td><b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Enter name of SAP db host</td>
<td>[troubadix]</td>
<td><b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Select character set</td>
<td>[1] (WE8DEC)</td>
<td><b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Enter Oracle server version (1) Oracle 8.0.5, (2) Oracle 8.0.6, (3) Oracle 8.1.5, (4)
Oracle 8.1.6</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>1<b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Extract Oracle Client archive</td>
<td>[1] (Yes, extract)</td>
<td><b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Enter path to KERNEL CD</td>
<td>[/sapcd]</td>
<td>/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/KERNEL</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Enter path to RDBMS CD</td>
<td>[/sapcd]</td>
<td>/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/RDBMS</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Enter path to EXPORT1 CD</td>
<td>[/sapcd]</td>
<td>/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT1</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Directory to copy EXPORT1 CD</td>
<td>[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD4_DIR]</td>
<td><b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Enter path to EXPORT2 CD</td>
<td>[/sapcd]</td>
<td>/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT2</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Directory to copy EXPORT2 CD</td>
<td>[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD5_DIR]</td>
<td><b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Enter path to EXPORT3 CD</td>
<td>[/sapcd]</td>
<td>/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT3</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Directory to copy EXPORT3 CD</td>
<td>[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD6_DIR]</td>
<td><b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Enter path to EXPORT4 CD</td>
<td>[/sapcd]</td>
<td>/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT4</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Directory to copy EXPORT4 CD</td>
<td>[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD7_DIR]</td>
<td><b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Enter path to EXPORT5 CD</td>
<td>[/sapcd]</td>
<td>/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT5</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Directory to copy EXPORT5 CD</td>
<td>[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD8_DIR]</td>
<td><b class="KEYCAP">Enter</b></td>
</tr>

<tr>