sapr3.html

FreeBSD安装说明概述 FreeBSD 提供了一个以文字为主

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="HARDWARE-46B" name="HARDWARE-46B">22.7.4.1. <span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span> 4.6B, <span
class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span> 8.0.5</a></h3>

<p>对于这个安装，我的硬件配置如下：带2个800&nbsp;MHz <span
class="TRADEMARK">Pentium</span>&nbsp;III处理器的主板， <span
class="TRADEMARK">Adaptec</span>&reg; 29160 Ultra160 SCSI适配器（能够访问40/80&nbsp;GB
DLT磁带机和CDROM）， <span class="TRADEMARK">Mylex</span>&reg; <span
class="TRADEMARK">AcceleRAID</span>&#8482; （2个通道， firmware 6.00-1-00 with 32&nbsp;MB
RAM）。 <span class="TRADEMARK">Mylex</span> RAID
controller被挂上2个17&nbsp;GB（mirrored）硬盘和4个36&nbsp;GB硬盘(RAID level 5)。</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="HARDWARE-46C" name="HARDWARE-46C">22.7.4.2. <span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span> 4.6C, <span
class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span> 8.1.7</a></h3>

<p>对于这个安装，配置是<span class="TRADEMARK">Dell</span>&#8482; <span
class="TRADEMARK">PowerEdge</span>&#8482; 2500，带2个1000&nbsp;MHz <span
class="TRADEMARK">Pentium</span>&nbsp;III处理器的 主板（256&nbsp;kB Cache）， 2&nbsp;GB
PC133 ECC SDRAM， PERC/3 DC PCI RAID Controller with 128&nbsp;MB，和一个EIDE
DVD-ROM驱动器。RAID controller被挂上2个18&nbsp;GB硬盘（mirrored）
和4个36&nbsp;GB硬盘（RAID level 5）。</p>
</div>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="INSTALLATION" name="INSTALLATION">22.7.5. 安装FreeBSD</a></h2>

<p>首先需要安装FreeBSD。有几种方法来装（FreeBSD&nbsp;4.3通过FTP安装，
FreeBSD&nbsp;4.5直接从RELEASE CD安装）。 更多信息参考<a
href="install-diff-media.html">Section 2.13</a>。</p>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="DISK-LAYOUT" name="DISK-LAYOUT">22.7.5.1. 磁盘划分</a></h3>

<p>为了简单，对<b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span
class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span> 46B</b>和<b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span> 46C
SR2</b>的安装使用相同的磁盘划分。只是设备名换了，因为是安装在不同的硬件上（ <tt
class="DEVICENAME">/dev/da</tt>和<tt class="DEVICENAME">/dev/amr</tt>， 所以如果是使用AMI
<span class="TRADEMARK">MegaRAID</span>&reg;，我们能看到<tt
class="DEVICENAME">/dev/amr0s1a</tt>代替了 <tt
class="DEVICENAME">/dev/da0s1a</tt>）：</p>

<div class="INFORMALTABLE"><a id="AEN32379" name="AEN32379"></a>
<table border="1" class="CALSTABLE">
<col />
<col />
<col />
<col />
<thead>
<tr>
<th>文件系统</th>
<th>尺寸(1k-blocks)</th>
<th>尺寸(GB)</th>
<th>挂载点</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><tt class="DEVICENAME">/dev/da0s1a</tt></td>
<td>1.016.303</td>
<td>1</td>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/</tt></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="DEVICENAME">/dev/da0s1b</tt></td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>swap</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="DEVICENAME">/dev/da0s1e</tt></td>
<td>2.032.623</td>
<td>2</td>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/var</tt></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="DEVICENAME">/dev/da0s1f</tt></td>
<td>8.205.339</td>
<td>8</td>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/usr</tt></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="DEVICENAME">/dev/da1s1e</tt></td>
<td>45.734.361</td>
<td>45</td>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/compat/linux/oracle</tt></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="DEVICENAME">/dev/da1s1f</tt></td>
<td>2.032.623</td>
<td>2</td>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/compat/linux/sapmnt</tt></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="DEVICENAME">/dev/da1s1g</tt></td>
<td>2.032.623</td>
<td>2</td>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/compat/linux/usr/sap</tt></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>

<p>预先用<span class="TRADEMARK">Mylex</span> 或PERC/3 RAID
软件配置和初始化这两个逻辑驱动器。 改变<acronym
class="ACRONYM">BIOS</acronym>的引导顺序来启动软件。</p>

<p>请注意这里的磁盘划分和<span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>推荐的是不一样的，<span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>建议把 <b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span></b>子目录（及其他子目录）分离开来，
我决定只简单的创建几个子目录。</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="MAKEWORLDANDNEWKERNEL" name="MAKEWORLDANDNEWKERNEL">22.7.5.2.
<tt class="COMMAND">make world</tt>和建立新内核</a></h3>

<p>下载最新的-STABLE源代码，配置完内核配置文件后重建系统和新内核。 这儿当然要包括 <b
class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span
class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span></b> 和<b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span></b>需要的<a
href="sapr3.html#KERNELTUNING">内核参数</a>。</p>
</div>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="INSTALLINGTHELINUXENVIORNMENT"
name="INSTALLINGTHELINUXENVIORNMENT">22.7.6. 安装Linux环境</a></h2>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="INSTALLINGLINUXBASE-SYSTEM"
name="INSTALLINGLINUXBASE-SYSTEM">22.7.6.1. 安装Linux基本系统</a></h3>

<p>首先<a href="linuxemu-lbc-install.html#LINUXEMU-LIBS-PORT">linux_base</a>
port需要安装（以<tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>身份）：</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/ports/emulators/linux_base</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make install distclean</kbd>
</pre>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="INSTALLINGLINUXDEVELOPMENT"
name="INSTALLINGLINUXDEVELOPMENT">22.7.6.2. 安装Linux开发环境</a></h3>

<p>如果你想根据<a href="linuxemu-oracle.html">Section 22.6</a>在FreeBSD上安装 <b
class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span></b> ：</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/ports/devel/linux_devtools</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">make install distclean</kbd>
</pre>

<p>Linux开发环境只是安装给<b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span> 46B
IDES</b>的，如果<b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span>
DB</b>不是在这个 FreeBSD系统上重新链接，它就不需要了。</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="INSTALLINGNECESSARYRPMS"
name="INSTALLINGNECESSARYRPMS">22.7.6.3. 安装必需的RPMs</a></h3>

<p>为了启动<tt class="COMMAND">R3SETUP</tt>程序， PAM支持是必需的。 第一次安装<b
class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b>到FreeBSD
4.3-STABLE时我们先安装了 PAM的所有依赖包再安装PAM包，它可以工作。对于<b
class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span
class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span> 4.6C SR2</b>我们 直接安装PAM
RPM也可以工作，所以依赖包不是必需的：</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">rpm -i --ignoreos --nodeps --root /compat/linux --dbpath /var/lib/rpm \
pam-0.68-7.i386.rpm</kbd>
</pre>

<p>要让<b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span>
8.0.5</b>运行智能代理， 我们需要安装RedHat Tcl包<tt
class="FILENAME">tcl-8.0.5-30.i386.rpm</tt> （否则重新链接<b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span></b>不能工作）。 重新链接<b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span></b>时还有其他要注意的地方， 但那是<b
class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span></b>
Linux的问题，不是FreeBSD的问题。</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="LINUXPROCANDFALLBACKELFBRAND"
name="LINUXPROCANDFALLBACKELFBRAND">22.7.6.4. 其它一些注意的地方</a></h3>

<p>添加<var class="LITERAL">linprocfs</var>到<tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt>是个好主意， 更多信息看<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">linprocfs</span>(5)</span>手册页。 另一个要设置的参数是<var
class="LITERAL">kern.fallback_elf_brand=3</var>， 在<tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/sysctl.conf</tt>里面设置。</p>
</div>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="CREATINGSAPR3ENV" name="CREATINGSAPR3ENV">22.7.7. 创建<span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span>环境</a></h2>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="FILESYSTEMSANDMOUNTPOINTS"
name="FILESYSTEMSANDMOUNTPOINTS">22.7.7.1. 创建必需的文件系统和挂载点</a></h3>

<p>对简单的安装，创建下面的文件系统就够了：</p>

<div class="INFORMALTABLE"><a id="AEN32524" name="AEN32524"></a>
<table border="1" class="CALSTABLE">
<col />
<col />
<thead>
<tr>
<th>mount point</th>
<th>size in GB</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/compat/linux/oracle</tt></td>
<td>45 GB</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/compat/linux/sapmnt</tt></td>
<td>2 GB</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="FILENAME">/compat/linux/usr/sap</tt></td>
<td>2 GB</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>

<p>创建一些链接也是必要的，否则<b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b>安装程序在检查创建的链接时 会报错：</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">ln -s /compat/linux/oracle /oracle</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">ln -s /compat/linux/sapmnt /sapmnt</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">ln -s /compat/linux/usr/sap /usr/sap</kbd>
</pre>

<p>安装时可能出现的错误（对于<span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">PRD</i></span>系统和<b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span> 4.6C SR2</b>
的安装）：</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
INFO 2002-03-19 16:45:36 R3LINKS_IND_IND SyLinkCreate:200
    Checking existence of symbolic link /usr/sap/PRD/SYS/exe/dbg to
    /sapmnt/PRD/exe. Creating if it does not exist...

WARNING 2002-03-19 16:45:36 R3LINKS_IND_IND SyLinkCreate:400
    Link /usr/sap/PRD/SYS/exe/dbg exists but it points to file
    /compat/linux/sapmnt/PRD/exe instead of /sapmnt/PRD/exe. The
    program cannot go on as long as this link exists at this
    location. Move the link to another location.

ERROR 2002-03-19 16:45:36 R3LINKS_IND_IND Ins_SetupLinks:0
    can not setup link '/usr/sap/PRD/SYS/exe/dbg' with content
    '/sapmnt/PRD/exe'
</pre>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="CREATINGUSERSANDDIRECTORIES"
name="CREATINGUSERSANDDIRECTORIES">22.7.7.2. 创建用户和目录</a></h3>

<p><b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span>&nbsp;<span
class="TRADEMARK">R/3</span></b>需要两个用户和3个组。 用户名依赖于包含3个字母的<b
class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b>系统ID（SID）。一些SIDs 被<b
class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b>保留（例如<var
class="LITERAL">SAP</var>和<var class="LITERAL">NIX</var>）。 完成的列表参考<b
class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b>文档。对于IDES的安装，我们使用<var
class="LITERAL">IDS</var>， 对于4.6C SR2安装，使用<var class="LITERAL">PRD</var>。
这样我们定义了下面的几个组：</p>

<div class="INFORMALTABLE"><a id="AEN32575" name="AEN32575"></a>
<table border="1" class="CALSTABLE">
<col />
<col />
<col />
<thead>
<tr>
<th>组ID</th>
<th>组名</th>
<th>描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td>100</td>
<td>dba</td>
<td>Data Base Administrator</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>101</td>
<td>sapsys</td>
<td><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span> System</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>102</td>
<td>oper</td>
<td>Data Base Operator</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>

<p>对于默认的<b class="APPLICATION"><span
class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span></b>安装，只有<tt class="GROUPNAME">dba</tt>组被使用。
和<tt class="GROUPNAME">oper</tt>组一样，我们也可以使用<tt class="GROUPNAME">dba</tt>组
（更详细的信息参考<b class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span></b>和 <b
class="APPLICATION"><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span></b>文档）。</p>

<p>我们也需要下面的用户</p>

<div class="INFORMALTABLE"><a id="AEN32607" name="AEN32607"></a>
<table border="1" class="CALSTABLE">
<col />
<col />
<col />
<col />
<col />
<col />
<thead>
<tr>
<th>用户ID</th>
<th>用户名</th>
<th>普通名称</th>
<th>组</th>
<th>附加组</th>
<th>描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1000</td>
<td>idsadm/prdadm</td>
<td><var class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var>adm</td>
<td>sapsys</td>
<td>oper</td>
<td><span class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span> Administrator</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>1002</td>
<td>oraids/oraprd</td>
<td>ora<var class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var></td>
<td>dba</td>
<td>oper</td>
<td><span class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span> Administrator</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>

<p>使用<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">adduser</span>(8)</span>添加用户要求“<span
class="TRADEMARK">SAP</span> Administrator”有下面的记录 （请注意shell和home目录）：</p>

<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
Name: <var class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var>adm
Password: ******
Fullname: SAP Administrator <var class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var>
Uid: 1000
Gid: 101 (sapsys)
Class:
Groups: sapsys dba
HOME: /home/<var class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var>adm
Shell: bash  (/compat/linux/bin/bash)
</pre>

<p>对于“<span class="TRADEMARK">Oracle</span> Administrator”:</p>

<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
Name: ora<var class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var>
Password: ******
Fullname: Oracle Administrator <var class="REPLACEABLE">SID</var>
Uid: 1002
Gid: 100 (dba)
Class:
Groups: dba
HOME: /oracle/<var class="REPLACEABLE">sid</var>
Shell: bash  (/compat/linux/bin/bash)
</pre>