printing-using.html

FreeBSD安装说明概述 FreeBSD 提供了一个以文字为主

<p><b>Note:</b> Do not put any space between the <var class="OPTION">-i</var> and the
number.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</dd>

<dt><var class="OPTION">-l</var></dt>

<dd>
<p>Print literal text data, including control characters.</p>
</dd>

<dt><var class="OPTION">-n</var></dt>

<dd>
<p>Print ditroff (device independent troff) data.</p>
</dd>

<dt>-p</dt>

<dd>
<p>Format plain text with <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pr</span>(1)</span> before printing. See <span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pr</span>(1)</span> for more
information.</p>
</dd>

<dt><var class="OPTION">-T <var class="REPLACEABLE">title</var></var></dt>

<dd>
<p>Use <var class="REPLACEABLE">title</var> on the <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pr</span>(1)</span> header instead of the file name. This option
has effect only when used with the <var class="OPTION">-p</var> option.</p>
</dd>

<dt><var class="OPTION">-t</var></dt>

<dd>
<p>Print troff data.</p>
</dd>

<dt><var class="OPTION">-v</var></dt>

<dd>
<p>Print raster data.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>

<p>Here is an example: this command prints a nicely formatted version of the <span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span> manual page on the
default printer:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">zcat /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz | troff -t -man | lpr -t</kbd>
</pre>

<p>The <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">zcat</span>(1)</span>
command uncompresses the source of the <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ls</span>(1)</span> manual page and passes it to the <span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">troff</span>(1)</span> command, which
formats that source and makes GNU troff output and passes it to <span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lpr</span>(1)</span>, which submits the
job to the <b class="APPLICATION">LPD</b> spooler. Because we used the <var
class="OPTION">-t</var> option to <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">lpr</span>(1)</span>, the spooler will convert the GNU troff output
into a format the default printer can understand when it prints the job.</p>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="PRINTING-LPR-OPTIONS-JOB-HANDLING"
name="PRINTING-LPR-OPTIONS-JOB-HANDLING">11.5.4.2. Job Handling Options</a></h3>

<p>The following options to <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">lpr</span>(1)</span> tell <b class="APPLICATION">LPD</b> to handle
the job specially:</p>

<div class="VARIABLELIST">
<dl>
<dt>-# <var class="REPLACEABLE">copies</var></dt>

<dd>
<p>Produce a number of <var class="REPLACEABLE">copies</var> of each file in the job
instead of just one copy. An administrator may disable this option to reduce printer
wear-and-tear and encourage photocopier usage. See section <a
href="printing-advanced.html#PRINTING-ADVANCED-RESTRICTING-COPIES">Restricting Multiple
Copies</a>.</p>

<p>This example prints three copies of <tt class="FILENAME">parser.c</tt> followed by
three copies of <tt class="FILENAME">parser.h</tt> to the default printer:</p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">lpr -#3 parser.c parser.h</kbd>
</pre>
</dd>

<dt>-m</dt>

<dd>
<p>Send mail after completing the print job. With this option, the <b
class="APPLICATION">LPD</b> system will send mail to your account when it finishes
handling your job. In its message, it will tell you if the job completed successfully or
if there was an error, and (often) what the error was.</p>
</dd>

<dt>-s</dt>

<dd>
<p>Do not copy the files to the spooling directory, but make symbolic links to them
instead.</p>

<p>If you are printing a large job, you probably want to use this option. It saves space
in the spooling directory (your job might overflow the free space on the filesystem where
the spooling directory resides). It saves time as well since <b
class="APPLICATION">LPD</b> will not have to copy each and every byte of your job to the
spooling directory.</p>

<p>There is a drawback, though: since <b class="APPLICATION">LPD</b> will refer to the
original files directly, you cannot modify or remove them until they have been
printed.</p>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> If you are printing to a remote printer, <b class="APPLICATION">LPD</b>
will eventually have to copy files from the local host to the remote host, so the <var
class="OPTION">-s</var> option will save space only on the local spooling directory, not
the remote. It is still useful, though.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</dd>

<dt>-r</dt>

<dd>
<p>Remove the files in the job after copying them to the spooling directory, or after
printing them with the <var class="OPTION">-s</var> option. Be careful with this
option!</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>

<div class="SECT3">
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="PRINTING-LPR-OPTIONS-MISC"
name="PRINTING-LPR-OPTIONS-MISC">11.5.4.3. Header Page Options</a></h3>

<p>These options to <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">lpr</span>(1)</span> adjust the text that normally appears on a
job's header page. If header pages are suppressed for the destination printer, these
options have no effect. See section <a
href="printing-advanced.html#PRINTING-ADVANCED-HEADER-PAGES">Header Pages</a> for
information about setting up header pages.</p>

<div class="VARIABLELIST">
<dl>
<dt>-C <var class="REPLACEABLE">text</var></dt>

<dd>
<p>Replace the hostname on the header page with <var class="REPLACEABLE">text</var>. The
hostname is normally the name of the host from which the job was submitted.</p>
</dd>

<dt>-J <var class="REPLACEABLE">text</var></dt>

<dd>
<p>Replace the job name on the header page with <var class="REPLACEABLE">text</var>. The
job name is normally the name of the first file of the job, or <tt
class="FILENAME">stdin</tt> if you are printing standard input.</p>
</dd>

<dt>-h</dt>

<dd>
<p>Do not print any header page.</p>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> At some sites, this option may have no effect due to the way header pages
are generated. See <a href="printing-advanced.html#PRINTING-ADVANCED-HEADER-PAGES">Header
Pages</a> for details.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="PRINTING-LPC" name="PRINTING-LPC">11.5.5. Administering
Printers</a></h2>

<p>As an administrator for your printers, you have had to install, set up, and test them.
Using the <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lpc</span>(8)</span>
command, you can interact with your printers in yet more ways. With <span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lpc</span>(8)</span>, you can</p>

<ul>
<li>
<p>Start and stop the printers</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>Enable and disable their queues</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>Rearrange the order of the jobs in each queue.</p>
</li>
</ul>

<p>First, a note about terminology: if a printer is <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">stopped</i></span>, it will not print anything in its queue. Users can
still submit jobs, which will wait in the queue until the printer is <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">started</i></span> or the queue is cleared.</p>

<p>If a queue is <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">disabled</i></span>, no user
(except <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>) can submit jobs for the printer. An <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">enabled</i></span> queue allows jobs to be
submitted. A printer can be <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">started</i></span>
for a disabled queue, in which case it will continue to print jobs in the queue until the
queue is empty.</p>

<p>In general, you have to have <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> privileges to use the
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lpc</span>(8)</span> command.
Ordinary users can use the <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">lpc</span>(8)</span> command to get printer status and to restart a
hung printer only.</p>

<p>Here is a summary of the <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">lpc</span>(8)</span> commands. Most of the commands take a <var
class="REPLACEABLE">printer-name</var> argument to tell on which printer to operate. You
can use <var class="LITERAL">all</var> for the <var
class="REPLACEABLE">printer-name</var> to mean all printers listed in <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/printcap</tt>.</p>

<div class="VARIABLELIST">
<dl>
<dt><tt class="COMMAND">abort <var class="REPLACEABLE">printer-name</var></tt></dt>

<dd>
<p>Cancel the current job and stop the printer. Users can still submit jobs if the queue
is enabled.</p>
</dd>

<dt><tt class="COMMAND">clean <var class="REPLACEABLE">printer-name</var></tt></dt>

<dd>
<p>Remove old files from the printer's spooling directory. Occasionally, the files that
make up a job are not properly removed by <b class="APPLICATION">LPD</b>, particularly if
there have been errors during printing or a lot of administrative activity. This command
finds files that do not belong in the spooling directory and removes them.</p>
</dd>

<dt><tt class="COMMAND">disable <var class="REPLACEABLE">printer-name</var></tt></dt>

<dd>
<p>Disable queuing of new jobs. If the printer is running, it will continue to print any
jobs remaining in the queue. The superuser (<tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>) can always
submit jobs, even to a disabled queue.</p>

<p>This command is useful while you are testing a new printer or filter installation:
disable the queue and submit jobs as <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>. Other users will not
be able to submit jobs until you complete your testing and re-enable the queue with the
<tt class="COMMAND">enable</tt> command.</p>
</dd>

<dt><tt class="COMMAND">down <var class="REPLACEABLE">printer-name</var> <var
class="REPLACEABLE">message</var></tt></dt>

<dd>
<p>Take a printer down. Equivalent to <tt class="COMMAND">disable</tt> followed by <tt
class="COMMAND">stop</tt>. The <var class="REPLACEABLE">message</var> appears as the
printer's status whenever a user checks the printer's queue with <span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lpq</span>(1)</span> or status with <tt
class="COMMAND">lpc status</tt>.</p>
</dd>

<dt><tt class="COMMAND">enable <var class="REPLACEABLE">printer-name</var></tt></dt>

<dd>
<p>Enable the queue for a printer. Users can submit jobs but the printer will not print
anything until it is started.</p>
</dd>

<dt><tt class="COMMAND">help <var class="REPLACEABLE">command-name</var></tt></dt>

<dd>
<p>Print help on the command <var class="REPLACEABLE">command-name</var>. With no <var
class="REPLACEABLE">command-name</var>, print a summary of the commands available.</p>
</dd>

<dt><tt class="COMMAND">restart <var class="REPLACEABLE">printer-name</var></tt></dt>

<dd>
<p>Start the printer. Ordinary users can use this command if some extraordinary
circumstance hangs <b class="APPLICATION">LPD</b>, but they cannot start a printer
stopped with either the <tt class="COMMAND">stop</tt> or <tt class="COMMAND">down</tt>
commands. The <tt class="COMMAND">restart</tt> command is equivalent to <tt
class="COMMAND">abort</tt> followed by <tt class="COMMAND">start</tt>.</p>
</dd>

<dt><tt class="COMMAND">start <var class="REPLACEABLE">printer-name</var></tt></dt>

<dd>
<p>Start the printer. The printer will print jobs in its queue.</p>
</dd>

<dt><tt class="COMMAND">stop <var class="REPLACEABLE">printer-name</var></tt></dt>

<dd>
<p>Stop the printer. The printer will finish the current job and will not print anything
else in its queue. Even though the printer is stopped, users can still submit jobs to an
enabled queue.</p>
</dd>

<dt><tt class="COMMAND">topq <var class="REPLACEABLE">printer-name</var> <var
class="REPLACEABLE">job-or-username</var></tt></dt>

<dd>
<p>Rearrange the queue for <var class="REPLACEABLE">printer-name</var> by placing the
jobs with the listed <var class="REPLACEABLE">job</var> numbers or the jobs belonging to
<var class="REPLACEABLE">username</var> at the top of the queue. For this command, you
cannot use <var class="LITERAL">all</var> as the <var
class="REPLACEABLE">printer-name</var>.</p>
</dd>

<dt><tt class="COMMAND">up <var class="REPLACEABLE">printer-name</var></tt></dt>

<dd>
<p>Bring a printer up; the opposite of the <tt class="COMMAND">down</tt> command.
Equivalent to <tt class="COMMAND">start</tt> followed by <tt
class="COMMAND">enable</tt>.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>

<p><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lpc</span>(8)</span> accepts
the above commands on the command line. If you do not enter any commands, <span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">lpc</span>(8)</span> enters an
interactive mode, where you can enter commands until you type <tt
class="COMMAND">exit</tt>, <tt class="COMMAND">quit</tt>, or end-of-file.</p>
</div>
</div>

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