📄 configtuning-configfiles.html
字号:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /><title>配置文件</title><meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" /><link rel="HOME" title="FreeBSD 使用手册" href="index.html" /><link rel="UP" title="设置和调整" href="config-tuning.html" /><link rel="PREVIOUS" title="虚拟主机" href="configtuning-virtual-hosts.html" /><link rel="NEXT" title="用 sysctl 进行调整" href="configtuning-sysctl.html" /><link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB2312" /></head><body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"alink="#0000FF"><div class="NAVHEADER"><table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="0"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">FreeBSD 使用手册</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="configtuning-virtual-hosts.html"accesskey="P">Prev</a></td><td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 6. 设置和调整</td><td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="configtuning-sysctl.html"accesskey="N">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /></div><div class="SECT1"><h1 class="SECT1"><a id="CONFIGTUNING-CONFIGFILES" name="CONFIGTUNING-CONFIGFILES">6.10.配置文件</a></h1><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN7603" name="AEN7603">6.10.1. <tt class="FILENAME">/etc</tt>布局</a></h2><p>在配置信息中有很多的目录，这些包括：</p><div class="INFORMALTABLE"><a id="AEN7607" name="AEN7607"></a><table border="0" frame="void" class="CALSTABLE"><col /><col /><tbody><tr><td><tt class="FILENAME">/etc</tt></td><td>一般的系统配置信息。这儿的数据是与特定系统相关的。</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="FILENAME">/etc/defaults</tt></td><td>系统配置文件的默认版本。</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="FILENAME">/etc/mail</tt></td><td>额外的 <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><spanclass="REFENTRYTITLE">sendmail</span>(8)</span> 配置信息，其他 MTA 配置文件。</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="FILENAME">/etc/ppp</tt></td><td>用于用户级和内核级 ppp 程序的配置。</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="FILENAME">/etc/namedb</tt></td><td><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span>数据的默认位置。通常 <tt class="FILENAME">named.conf</tt> 和区域文件存放在这里。</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/local/etc</tt></td><td>被安装的应用程序配置文件。可以参考每个应用程序的子目录。</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/local/etc/rc.d</tt></td><td>被安装程序的 启动/停止 脚本。</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="FILENAME">/var/db</tt></td><td>特定系统自动产生的数据库文件，像 package 数据库，位置数据库等等。</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN7649" name="AEN7649">6.10.2. 主机名</a></h2><div class="SECT3"><h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN7655" name="AEN7655">6.10.2.1. <ttclass="FILENAME">/etc/resolv.conf</tt></a></h3><p><tt class="FILENAME">/etc/resolv.conf</tt> 指示了 FreeBSD 如何访问域名系统(DNS)。</p><p><tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt> 中最常见的记录是：</p><div class="INFORMALTABLE"><a id="AEN7665" name="AEN7665"></a><table border="0" frame="void" class="CALSTABLE"><col /><col /><tbody><tr><td><var class="LITERAL">nameserver</var></td><td>按顺序要查询的名字服务器的 IP 地址，最多三个。</td></tr><tr><td><var class="LITERAL">search</var></td><td>搜索机器名的列表。这通常由本地机器名的域决定。</td></tr><tr><td><var class="LITERAL">domain</var></td><td>本地域名。</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>一个典型的 <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt> 文件：</p><pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">search example.comnameserver 147.11.1.11nameserver 147.11.100.30</pre><div class="NOTE"><blockquote class="NOTE"><p><b>Note:</b> 只能使用一个 <var class="LITERAL">search</var> 和 <varclass="LITERAL">domain</var> 选项。</p></blockquote></div><p>如果你在使用 DHCP，<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><spanclass="REFENTRYTITLE">dhclient</span>(8)</span> 经常使用从 DHCP 服务器接受来的信息重写<tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>。</p></div><div class="SECT3"><h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN7692" name="AEN7692">6.10.2.2. <ttclass="FILENAME">/etc/hosts</tt></a></h3><p><tt class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts</tt> 是 Internet 早期使用的一个简单文本数据库。它结合DNS 和 NIS 提供名字到 IP地址的映射。通过局域网连接的机器可以用这个简单的命名方案来替代设置一个 <spanclass="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">named</span>(8)</span> 服务器。另外，<ttclass="FILENAME">/etc/hosts</tt> 也可以提供一个 Internet名称的本地纪录以减轻需要从外部查询带来的负担。</p><pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"># $FreeBSD$## Host Database# This file should contain the addresses and aliases# for local hosts that share this file.# In the presence of the domain name service or NIS, this file may# not be consulted at all; see /etc/nsswitch.conf for the resolution order.##::1 localhost localhost.my.domain myname.my.domain127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.my.domain myname.my.domain## Imaginary network.#10.0.0.2 myname.my.domain myname#10.0.0.3 myfriend.my.domain myfriend## According to RFC 1918, you can use the following IP networks for# private nets which will never be connected to the Internet:## 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255# 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255# 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255## In case you want to be able to connect to the Internet, you need# real official assigned numbers. PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE do not try# to invent your own network numbers but instead get one from your# network provider (if any) or from the Internet Registry (ftp to# rs.internic.net, directory `/templates').#</pre><p><tt class="FILENAME">/etc/hosts</tt> 用简单的格式：</p><pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">[Internet address] [official hostname] [alias1] [alias2] ...</pre><p>例如：</p><pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">10.0.0.1 myRealHostname.example.com myRealHostname foobar1 foobar2</pre><p>参考 <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hosts</span>(5)</span>以获得更多信息。</p></div></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN7713" name="AEN7713">6.10.3. 日志文件配置</a></h2><div class="SECT3"><h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN7717" name="AEN7717">6.10.3.1. <ttclass="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt></a></h3><p><tt class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt> 是 <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><spanclass="REFENTRYTITLE">syslogd</span>(8)</span> 程序的配置文件。 它指出了的 <ttclass="COMMAND">syslog</tt> 哪种信息类型被存储在特定的日志文件中。</p><pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"># $FreeBSD$## Spaces ARE valid field separators in this file. However,# other *nix-like systems still insist on using tabs as field# separators. If you are sharing this file between systems, you# may want to use only tabs as field separators here.# Consult the syslog.conf(5) manual page.*.err;kern.debug;auth.notice;mail.crit /dev/console*.notice;kern.debug;lpr.info;mail.crit;news.err /var/log/messagessecurity.* /var/log/securitymail.info /var/log/mailloglpr.info /var/log/lpd-errscron.* /var/log/cron*.err root*.notice;news.err root*.alert root*.emerg *# uncomment this to log all writes to /dev/console to /var/log/console.log#console.info /var/log/console.log# uncomment this to enable logging of all log messages to /var/log/all.log#*.* /var/log/all.log# uncomment this to enable logging to a remote log host named loghost#*.* @loghost# uncomment these if you're running inn# news.crit /var/log/news/news.crit# news.err /var/log/news/news.err# news.notice /var/log/news/news.notice!startslip*.* /var/log/slip.log!ppp*.* /var/log/ppp.log</pre><p>参考 <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><spanclass="REFENTRYTITLE">syslog.conf</span>(5)</span> 手册页以获得更多信息</p></div><div class="SECT3"><h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN7733" name="AEN7733">6.10.3.2. <ttclass="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt></a></h3><p><tt class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt> 是一个通常用 <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><spanclass="REFENTRYTITLE">cron</span>(8)</span> 计划运行的 <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><spanclass="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span> 程序的配置文件。<spanclass="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span>指出了什么时候日志文件需要打包或者重新整理。比如 <tt class="FILENAME">logfile</tt>被移动到 <tt class="FILENAME">logfile.0</tt>，<tt class="FILENAME">logfile.0</tt>被移动到 <tt class="FILENAME">logfile.1</tt> 等等。另外，日志文件可以用 <spanclass="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gzip</span>(1)</span>来压缩，它们是这样的命名格式：<tt class="FILENAME">logfile.0.gz</tt>，<ttclass="FILENAME">logfile.1.gz</tt> 等等。</p><p><tt class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>指出了哪个日志文件要被管理，要保留多少和它们什么时候被创建。日志文件可以在它们达到一定大小或者在特定的日期被重新整理。</p><pre class="PROGRAMLISTING"># configuration file for newsyslog# $FreeBSD$## filename [owner:group] mode count size when [ZB] [/pid_file] [sig_num]/var/log/cron 600 3 100 * Z/var/log/amd.log 644 7 100 * Z/var/log/kerberos.log 644 7 100 * Z/var/log/lpd-errs 644 7 100 * Z/var/log/maillog 644 7 * @T00 Z/var/log/sendmail.st 644 10 * 168 B/var/log/messages 644 5 100 * Z/var/log/all.log 600 7 * @T00 Z/var/log/slip.log 600 3 100 * Z/var/log/ppp.log 600 3 100 * Z/var/log/security 600 10 100 * Z/var/log/wtmp 644 3 * @01T05 B/var/log/daily.log 640 7 * @T00 Z/var/log/weekly.log 640 5 1 $W6D0 Z/var/log/monthly.log 640 12 * $M1D0 Z/var/log/console.log 640 5 100 * Z</pre><p>参考 <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span>手册页以获得更多信息。</p></div></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN7765" name="AEN7765">6.10.4. <ttclass="FILENAME">sysctl.conf</tt></a></h2><p><tt class="FILENAME">sysctl.conf</tt> 看起来很像 <ttclass="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>。它用 <var class="LITERAL">variable=value</var>的形式来设定值。指定的值在系统进入多用户模式之后被设定。并不是所有的变量都可以在这个模式下设定。</p><p>一个简单的例子举明了在 <tt class="FILENAME">sysctl.conf</tt>中关闭了重要的退出信号的日志并且让 Linux 程序知道他们其实运行在 FreeBSD 下面：</p><pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">kern.logsigexit=0 # Do not log fatal signal exits (e.g. sig 11)compat.linux.osname=FreeBSDcompat.linux.osrelease=4.3-STABLE</pre></div></div><div class="NAVFOOTER"><hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /><table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="0"><tr><td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="configtuning-virtual-hosts.html"accesskey="P">Prev</a></td><td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html"accesskey="H">Home</a></td><td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="configtuning-sysctl.html"accesskey="N">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">虚拟主机</td><td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="config-tuning.html"accesskey="U">Up</a></td><td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">用 sysctl 进行调整</td></tr></table></div></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
复制代码
Ctrl + C
搜索代码
Ctrl + F
全屏模式
F11
切换主题
Ctrl + Shift + D
显示快捷键
?
增大字号
Ctrl + =
减小字号
Ctrl + -