users-modifying.html

FreeBSD安装说明概述 FreeBSD 提供了一个以文字为主

<p>删除本地口令文件中的用户.</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>删除用户的主目录 (如果他有自己的主目录).</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>删除来自 <tt class="FILENAME">/var/mail</tt>属于用户的邮件.</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>删除所有诸如 <tt class="FILENAME">/tmp</tt>的临时文件存储区中的文件.</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>最后, 删除 <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/group</tt>中所有属于组的该用户名.</p>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> 如果一个组变成空，而组名和用户名一样,组将被删除. <span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">adduser</span>(8)</span>命令建立每个用户唯一的组.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>

<br />
<br />
</li>
</ol>
</div>

<p><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmuser</span>(8)</span>
不能用来删除超级用户的帐户, 因为那样做是对系统极大的破坏.</p>

<p>缺省情况下, 使用交互模式, 这样能够让你清楚的知道你在做什么.</p>

<div class="EXAMPLE"><a id="AEN9152" name="AEN9152"></a>
<p><b>Example 8-3. <tt class="COMMAND">删除用户</tt> 交互模式下的帐户删除</b></p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">rmuser jru</kbd> Matching password entry:
jru:*:1001:1001::0:0:J. Random User:/home/jru:/usr/local/bin/zsh Is this the entry you wish to remove? <kbd
 class="USERINPUT">y</kbd> Remove user's home directory (/home/jru)? <kbd
class="USERINPUT">y</kbd> Updating password file, updating databases, done.
Updating group file: trusted (removing group jru -- personal group is empty) done.
Removing user's incoming mail file /var/mail/jru: done.
Removing files belonging to jru from /tmp: done.
Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp: done.
Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp/vi.recover: done.
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp>
</pre>
</div>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="USERS-CHPASS" name="USERS-CHPASS">8.6.3. <tt
class="COMMAND">chpass</tt></a></h2>

<p><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chpass</span>(1)</span>
可以改变用户的口令, shells, 和包括个人信息在内的数据库信息.</p>

<p>只有系统管理员, 既超级用户, 才可以用<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">chpass</span>(1)</span>改变其他用户口令和信息.</p>

<p>除了可选择的用户名, 不需要任何选项, <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">chpass</span>(1)</span> 显示一个包含用户信息的编辑器.
可以试图改变用户在数据库中的信息.</p>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> 在 FreeBSD&nbsp;5.X版本,
编辑退出后,你应该索要你的口令,如果你不是超级用户的话.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>

<div class="EXAMPLE"><a id="AEN9181" name="AEN9181"></a>
<p><b>Example 8-4. 以超级用户交互执行 <tt class="COMMAND">chpass</tt> 命令</b></p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
#Changing user database information for jru.
Login: jru
Password: *
Uid [#]: 1001
Gid [# or name]: 1001
Change [month day year]:
Expire [month day year]:
Class:
Home directory: /home/jru
Shell: /usr/local/bin/zsh
Full Name: J. Random User
Office Location:
Office Phone:
Home Phone:
Other information:
</pre>
</div>

<p>普通用户只能改变他们自己很少的一部分信息.</p>

<div class="EXAMPLE"><a id="AEN9186" name="AEN9186"></a>
<p><b>Example 8-5. 以普通用户交互执行 <tt class="COMMAND">chpass</tt> 命令</b></p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
#Changing user database information for jru.
Shell: /usr/local/bin/zsh
Full Name: J. Random User
Office Location:
Office Phone:
Home Phone:
Other information:
</pre>
</div>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">chfn</span>(1)</span> 和 <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">chsh</span>(1)</span> 只连接到 <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">chpass</span>(1)</span>, 同样的是 <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ypchpass</span>(1)</span>, <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ypchfn</span>(1)</span>, 和<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ypchsh</span>(1)</span>. NIS 是自动支持的, 不一定要在命令前指定
<var class="LITERAL">yp</var>. 如果这让你有点不太懂, 不必担心, NIS 将在 <a
href="advanced-networking.html">Chapter 19</a>介绍.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="USERS-PASSWD" name="USERS-PASSWD">8.6.4. <tt
class="COMMAND">passwd命令</tt></a></h2>

<p><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(1)</span>
是改变你自己作为一个普通用户口令或者作为超级用户口令常用的方法.</p>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> 用户改变口令前必须键入原来的口令,
防止用户离开终端时非授权的用户进入改变合法用户的口令.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>

<div class="EXAMPLE"><a id="AEN9227" name="AEN9227"></a>
<p><b>Example 8-6. 改变你的口令</b></p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">passwd</kbd> Changing local password for jru.
Old password:
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: updating the database...
passwd: done
</pre>
</div>

<div class="EXAMPLE"><a id="AEN9232" name="AEN9232"></a>
<p><b>Example 8-7. 改变其他用户的口令同超级用户的一样</b></p>

<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
class="USERINPUT">passwd jru</kbd> Changing local password for jru.
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: updating the database...
passwd: done
</pre>
</div>

<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> 就象 <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">chpass</span>(1)</span>一样, <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">yppasswd</span>(1)</span> 只是一个到 <span
class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(1)</span>的连接,
所以NIS用任何一个命令都可以正常工作.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>

<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="USERS-PW" name="USERS-PW">8.6.5. <tt
class="COMMAND">pw命令</tt></a></h2>

<p><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span>
是一个用来创建,删除,修改,显示用户和组的命令行工具. 它还有系统用户和组文件编辑器的功能.
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span>有一个非常强大的命令行选项设置,
但新用户可能会觉得它比这儿讲的其它命令要复杂很多.</p>
</div>
</div>

<h3 class="FOOTNOTES">Notes</h3>

<table border="0" class="FOOTNOTES" width="100%">
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP" width="5%"><a id="FTN.AEN9044" name="FTN.AEN9044"
href="users-modifying.html#AEN9044"><span class="footnote">[1]</span></a></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP" width="95%">
<p>选项<var class="OPTION">-s</var><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">adduser</span>(8)</span> 是. 当我们想要改变缺省设置可以使用<var
class="OPTION">-v</var>选项</p>
</td>
</tr>
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