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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /><title>修改帐户</title><meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" /><link rel="HOME" title="FreeBSD 使用手册" href="index.html" /><link rel="UP" title="用户和基本的帐户管理" href="users.html" /><link rel="PREVIOUS" title="用户帐户" href="users-user.html" /><link rel="NEXT" title="限制用户使用系统资源" href="users-limiting.html" /><link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB2312" /></head><body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"alink="#0000FF"><div class="NAVHEADER"><table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="0"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">FreeBSD 使用手册</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="users-user.html"accesskey="P">Prev</a></td><td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 8. 用户和基本的帐户管理</td><td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="users-limiting.html"accesskey="N">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /></div><div class="SECT1"><h1 class="SECT1"><a id="USERS-MODIFYING" name="USERS-MODIFYING">8.6. 修改帐户</a></h1><p>在<span class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>® 的处理用户帐户的环境中有很多不同的命令可用.最普通的命令如下, 接下来是详细使用它们的例子.</p><div class="INFORMALTABLE"><a id="AEN8976" name="AEN8976"></a><table border="1" class="CALSTABLE"><col /><col /><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>摘要</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adduser</span>(8)</span></td><td>在命令行添加新用户.</td></tr><tr><td><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmuser</span>(8)</span></td><td>在命令行删除用户.</td></tr><tr><td><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chpass</span>(1)</span></td><td>一个灵活的用于修改用户数据库信息的工具.</td></tr><tr><td><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(1)</span></td><td>一个用于修改用户口令的简单的命令行工具.</td></tr><tr><td><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></td><td>一个强大灵活修改用户帐户的工具.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="USERS-ADDUSER" name="USERS-ADDUSER">8.6.1. <ttclass="COMMAND">添加用户</tt></a></h2><p><span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">adduser</span>(8)</span>是一个简单的添加新用户的命令. 它为用户创建<tt class="FILENAME">passwd</tt> 和 <ttclass="FILENAME">group</tt> 文件. 它也为新用户创建一个主目录,它拷贝一个默认的配置文件(``dotfiles'') 从<ttclass="FILENAME">/usr/share/skel</tt>这个目录, 然后给新用户发送一封带欢迎信息的邮件.</p><p>在FreeBSD 5.0版本, <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><spanclass="REFENTRYTITLE">adduser</span>(8)</span>命令从Perl脚本改写为shell脚本,起包装<spanclass="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span>的作用,所以它的用法在 FreeBSD 4.X 上和FreeBSD 5.X 上稍有不同.</p><p>建立初始化配置文件, 使用 <tt class="COMMAND">adduser -s -config_create</tt>. <aid="AEN9044" name="AEN9044" href="#FTN.AEN9044"><span class="footnote">[1]</span></a>接下来, 我们配置<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><spanclass="REFENTRYTITLE">adduser</span>(8)</span> 的默认设置,并且建立我们的第一个普通用户帐户, 因为给普通用户创建<ttclass="USERNAME">root</tt>用户很危险 .</p><div class="EXAMPLE"><a id="AEN9055" name="AEN9055"></a><p><b>Example 8-1. 配置 <tt class="COMMAND">adduser</tt>和添加一个新用户，在FreeBSD 4.X版本</b></p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbdclass="USERINPUT">adduser -v</kbd> Use option ``-silent'' if you don't want to see all warnings and questions.Check /etc/shellsCheck /etc/master.passwdCheck /etc/groupEnter your default shell: csh date no sh tcsh zsh [sh]: <kbdclass="USERINPUT">zsh</kbd> Your default shell is: zsh -> /usr/local/bin/zsh Enter your default HOME partition: [/home]:Copy dotfiles from: /usr/share/skel no [/usr/share/skel]:Send message from file: /etc/adduser.message no[/etc/adduser.message]: <kbdclass="USERINPUT">no</kbd> Do not send message Use passwords (y/n) [y]: <kbdclass="USERINPUT">y</kbd>Write your changes to /etc/adduser.conf? (y/n) [n]: <kbd class="USERINPUT">y</kbd>Ok, let's go.Don't worry about mistakes. I will give you the chance later to correct any input.Enter username [a-z0-9_-]: <kbd class="USERINPUT">jru</kbd> Enter full name []: <kbdclass="USERINPUT">J. Random User</kbd> Enter shell csh date no sh tcsh zsh [zsh]:Enter home directory (full path) [/home/jru]:Uid [1001]:Enter login class: default []:Login group jru [jru]:Login group is ``jru''. Invite jru into other groups: guest no[no]: <kbd class="USERINPUT">wheel</kbd>Enter password []:Enter password again []:Name: jruPassword: ****Fullname: J. Random UserUid: 1001Gid: 1001 (jru)Class:Groups: jru wheelHOME: /home/jruShell: /usr/local/bin/zshOK? (y/n) [y]: <kbd class="USERINPUT">y</kbd>Added user ``jru''Copy files from /usr/share/skel to /home/jru Add another user? (y/n) [y]: <kbdclass="USERINPUT">n</kbd> Goodbye!<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp></pre></div><p>总的来说, 我们把默认的shell设置成<b class="APPLICATION">zsh</b> (一个可以在PortsCollection找到的shell), 关闭欢迎邮件. 然后保存配置,接着创建一个名为<ttclass="USERNAME">jru</tt>的帐户, 并且确信<tt class="USERNAME">jru</tt>在<ttclass="USERNAME">wheel</tt>组里边 (它可能假定转换成了 <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>用<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">su</span>(1)</span> 命令.)</p><div class="NOTE"><blockquote class="NOTE"><p><b>Note:</b> 口令不会被回显, 也不会用星号来显示. 确保两次输入口令时不要输错.</p></blockquote></div><div class="NOTE"><blockquote class="NOTE"><p><b>Note:</b> 从现在起,只要使用<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><spanclass="REFENTRYTITLE">adduser</span>(8)</span> 你不必改变默认设置.如果你要求改变默认设置,先退出程序, 然后使用<var class="OPTION">-s</var> 选项.</p></blockquote></div><div class="EXAMPLE"><a id="AEN9088" name="AEN9088"></a><p><b>Example 8-2. 添加一个新用户在FreeBSD 5.X版本</b></p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">adduser</kbd>Username: <kbd class="USERINPUT">jru</kbd>Full name: <kbd class="USERINPUT">J. Random User</kbd> Uid (Leave empty for default):Login group [jru]:Login group is jru. Invite jru into other groups? []: <kbdclass="USERINPUT">wheel</kbd> Login class [default]:Shell (sh csh tcsh zsh nologin) [sh]: <kbdclass="USERINPUT">zsh</kbd> Home directory [/home/jru]:Use password-based authentication? [yes]:Use an empty password? (yes/no) [no]:Use a random password? (yes/no) [no]:Enter password:Enter password again:Lock out the account after creation? [no]:Username : jruPassword : ****Full Name : J. Random UserUid : 1001Class :Groups : jru wheelHome : /home/jruShell : /usr/local/bin/zshLocked : noOK? (yes/no): <kbd class="USERINPUT">yes</kbd>adduser: INFO: Successfully added (jru) to the user database.Add another user? (yes/no): <kbd class="USERINPUT">no</kbd> Goodbye!<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp></pre></div></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="USERS-RMUSER" name="USERS-RMUSER">8.6.2. <ttclass="COMMAND">删除用户</tt></a></h2><p>你可以使用<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><spanclass="REFENTRYTITLE">rmuser</span>(8)</span> 从系统中完全删除一个用户. <spanclass="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rmuser</span>(8)</span>执行如下步骤:</p><div class="PROCEDURE"><ol type="1"><li><p>删除用户的 <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><spanclass="REFENTRYTITLE">crontab</span>(1)</span> 记录 (如果有的话).</p></li><li><p>删除属于用户的<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><spanclass="REFENTRYTITLE">at</span>(1)</span> 工作.</p></li><li><p>杀掉属于用户的所有进程.</p></li><li>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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