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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /><title>For More Information</title><meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" /><link rel="HOME" title="FreeBSD 使用手册" href="index.html" /><link rel="UP" title="UNIX Basics" href="basics.html" /><link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Binary Formats" href="binary-formats.html" /><link rel="NEXT" title="安装应用程序: Packages 和 Ports" href="ports.html" /><link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB2312" /></head><body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"alink="#0000FF"><div class="NAVHEADER"><table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="0"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">FreeBSD 使用手册</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="binary-formats.html"accesskey="P">Prev</a></td><td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 3. UNIX Basics</td><td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="ports.html"accesskey="N">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /></div><div class="SECT1"><h1 class="SECT1"><a id="BASICS-MORE-INFORMATION" name="BASICS-MORE-INFORMATION">3.13.For More Information</a></h1><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="BASICS-MAN" name="BASICS-MAN">3.13.1. Manual Pages</a></h2><p>The most comprehensive documentation on FreeBSD is in the form of manual pages. Nearlyevery program on the system comes with a short reference manual explaining the basicoperation and various arguments. These manuals can be viewed with the <ttclass="COMMAND">man</tt> command. Use of the <tt class="COMMAND">man</tt> command issimple:</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">man <varclass="REPLACEABLE">command</var></kbd></pre><p><var class="LITERAL">command</var> is the name of the command you wish to learn about.For example, to learn more about <tt class="COMMAND">ls</tt> command type:</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">man ls</kbd></pre><p>The online manual is divided up into numbered sections:</p><ol type="1"><li><p>User commands.</p></li><li><p>System calls and error numbers.</p></li><li><p>Functions in the C libraries.</p></li><li><p>Device drivers.</p></li><li><p>File formats.</p></li><li><p>Games and other diversions.</p></li><li><p>Miscellaneous information.</p></li><li><p>System maintenance and operation commands.</p></li><li><p>Kernel developers.</p></li></ol><p>In some cases, the same topic may appear in more than one section of the onlinemanual. For example, there is a <tt class="COMMAND">chmod</tt> user command and a <codeclass="FUNCTION">chmod()</code> system call. In this case, you can tell the <ttclass="COMMAND">man</tt> command which one you want by specifying the section:</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">man 1 chmod</kbd></pre><p>This will display the manual page for the user command <tt class="COMMAND">chmod</tt>.References to a particular section of the online manual are traditionally placed inparenthesis in written documentation, so <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><spanclass="REFENTRYTITLE">chmod</span>(1)</span> refers to the <tt class="COMMAND">chmod</tt>user command and <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><spanclass="REFENTRYTITLE">chmod</span>(2)</span> refers to the system call.</p><p>This is fine if you know the name of the command and simply wish to know how to useit, but what if you cannot recall the command name? You can use <ttclass="COMMAND">man</tt> to search for keywords in the command descriptions by using the<var class="OPTION">-k</var> switch:</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">man -k mail</kbd></pre><p>With this command you will be presented with a list of commands that have the keyword``mail'' in their descriptions. This is actually functionally equivalent to using the <ttclass="COMMAND">apropos</tt> command.</p><p>So, you are looking at all those fancy commands in <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin</tt>but do not have the faintest idea what most of them actually do? Simply do:</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/bin</kbd><samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">man -f *</kbd></pre><p>or</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/bin</kbd><samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">whatis *</kbd></pre><p>which does the same thing.</p></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="BASICS-INFO" name="BASICS-INFO">3.13.2. GNU Info Files</a></h2><p>FreeBSD includes many applications and utilities produced by the Free SoftwareFoundation (FSF). In addition to manual pages, these programs come with more extensivehypertext documents called <var class="LITERAL">info</var> files which can be viewed withthe <tt class="COMMAND">info</tt> command or, if you installed <bclass="APPLICATION">emacs</b>, the info mode of <b class="APPLICATION">emacs</b>.</p><p>To use the <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><spanclass="REFENTRYTITLE">info</span>(1)</span> command, simply type:</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">info</kbd></pre><p>For a brief introduction, type <var class="LITERAL">h</var>. For a quick commandreference, type <var class="LITERAL">?</var>.</p></div></div><div class="NAVFOOTER"><hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /><table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="0"><tr><td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="binary-formats.html"accesskey="P">Prev</a></td><td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html"accesskey="H">Home</a></td><td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="ports.html"accesskey="N">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">Binary Formats</td><td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="basics.html"accesskey="U">Up</a></td><td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">安装应用程序: Packages 和 Ports</td></tr></table></div></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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