glossary.html

JAVA CARD 开发包规格说明,版本为2.2.2

<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-6286"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">currently selected applet</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10579"></A>the Java Card RE keeps track of the currently selected Java Card applet. Upon receiving a SELECT FILE command with this applet's AID, the Java Card RE makes this applet the currently selected applet. The Java Card RE sends all APDU commands to the currently selected applet.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-8669"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">custom CAP file component</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10588"></A>a new component added to the <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> file. The new component must conform to the general component format. It is silently ignored by a Java Card virtual machine that does not recognize the component. The identifiers associated with the new component are recorded in the <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">custom_component</KBD> item of the <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> file's Directory component.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-7631"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">default applet</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10587"></A>an applet that is selected by default on a logical channel when it is opened. If an applet is designated the default applet on a particular logical channel on the Java Card platform, it becomes the active applet by default when that logical channel is opened using the basic channel.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-7336"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">EEPROM</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10592"></A>an acronym for Electrically Erasable, Programmable Read Only Memory.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-12794"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">entry point objects</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-12798"></A>see Java Card RE entry point objects.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-12781"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">Export file</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10593"></A>a file produced by the Converter that represents the fields and methods of a package that can be imported by classes in other packages.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-12235"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">externally visible</STRONG><A NAME="61935"></A>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10597"></A>in the Java Card platform, any classes, interfaces, their constructors, methods, and fields that can be accessed from another package according to the Java programming language semantics, as defined by the <EM CLASS="Emphasis">Java Language Specification</EM>, and Java Card API package access control restrictions (see <EM CLASS="Emphasis">Java Language Specification</EM>, section 2.2.1.1).
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-8607"></A>Externally visible items may be represented in an export file. For a library package, all externally visible items are represented in an export file. For an applet package, only those externally visible items that are part of a shareable interface are represented in an export file.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-8765"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">finalization</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10614"></A>the process by which a Java virtual machine (VM) allows an unreferenced object instance to release non-memory resources (for example, close and open files) prior to reclaiming the object's memory. Finalization is only performed on an object when that object is ready to be garbage collected (meaning, there are no references to the object).
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-8766"></A>Finalization is not supported by the Java Card virtual machine. The method <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">finalize()</KBD> is not called automatically by the Java Card virtual machine. 
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-7337"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">firewall</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10618"></A>see <I CLASS="Title">applet firewall</I>.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-8656"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">flash memory</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10619"></A>a type of persistent mutable memory. It is more efficient in space and power than EPROM. Flash memory can be read bit by bit but can be updated only as a block. Thus, flash memory is typically used for storing additional programs or large chunks of data that are updated as a whole. 
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-7338"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">framework</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10620"></A>the set of classes that implement the API. This includes core and extension packages. Responsibilities include applet selection, sending APDU bytes, and managing atomicity.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-6180"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">garbage collection</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10621"></A>the process by which dynamically allocated storage is automatically reclaimed during the execution of a program.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-8825"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">heap</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10625"></A>a common pool of free memory usable by a program. A part of the computer's memory used for dynamic memory allocation, in which blocks of memory are used in an arbitrary order. The Java Card virtual machine's heap is not required to be garbage collected. Objects allocated from the heap are not necessarily reclaimed.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-7403"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">installer</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10626"></A>the on-card mechanism to download and install <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> files. The installer receives executable binary from the off-card installation program, writes the binary into the smart card memory, links it with the other classes on the card, and creates and initializes any data structures used internally by the Java Card Runtime Environment.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-10609"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">installation program</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10627"></A>the off-card mechanism that employs a card acceptance device (CAD) to transmit the executable binary in a <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> file to the installer running on the card. 
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-10610"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">instance variables</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10631"></A>also known as non-static fields. 
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-6603"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">instantiation</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10642"></A>in object-oriented programming, to produce a particular object from its class template. This involves allocation of a data structure with the types specified by the template, and initialization of instance variables with either default values or those provided by the class's constructor function.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-8813"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">instruction</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10641"></A>a statement that indicates an operation for the computer to perform and any data to be used in performing the operation. An instruction can be in machine language or a programming language.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-8598"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">internally visible</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10640"></A>items that are not externally visible. These items are not described in a package's export file, but some such items use private tokens to represent internal references. See also <I CLASS="Title">externally visible</I>. 
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-8843"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">JAR file</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10635"></A>an acronym for Java Archive file, which is a file format used for aggregating many files into one.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-6735"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">Java Card Platform Remote Method Invocation </STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10636"></A>a subset of the Java Platform Remote Method Invocation (RMI) system. It provides a mechanism for a client application running on the CAD platform to invoke a method on a remote object on the card.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-6181"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">Java Card Runtime Environment (Java Card RE)</STRONG><A NAME="86278"></A>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10648"></A>consists of the Java Card virtual machine, the framework, and the associated native methods.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-8949"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">Java Card Virtual Machine (Java Card VM)</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10647"></A>a subset of the Java virtual machine, which is designed to be run on smart cards and other resource-constrained devices. The Java Card VM acts an engine that loads Java class files and executes them with a particular set of semantics.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-7150"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">Java Card RE entry point objects</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10646"></A>objects owned by the Java Card RE context that contain entry point methods. These methods can be invoked from any context and allow non-privileged users (applets) to request privileged Java Card RE system services. Java Card RE entry point objects can be either temporary or permanent:
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-7181"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">temporary - </STRONG>references to temporary Java Card RE entry point objects cannot be stored in class variables, instance variables or array components. The Java Card RE detects and restricts attempts to store references to these objects as part of the firewall functionality to prevent unauthorized reuse. Examples of these objects are APDU objects and all Java Card RE-owned exception objects.
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-7229"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">permanent - </STRONG>references to permanent Java Card RE entry point objects can be stored and freely reused. Examples of these objects are Java Card RE-owned AID instances.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-6184"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">JDK<IMG SRC=shared/chars/tm.gif TITLE="trademark" ALT="trademark"> software</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10658"></A>an acronym for Java Development Kit. The JDK software is a Sun Microsystems, Inc. product that provides the environment required for software development in the Java programming language. The JDK software is available for a variety of operating systems, for example Sun Microsystems Solaris<IMG SRC=shared/chars/tm.gif TITLE="trademark" ALT="trademark"> OS and Microsoft Windows.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-8642"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">library package</STRONG><A NAME="75681"></A>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10662"></A>a Java programming language package that does not contain any non-abstract classes that extend the class <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">javacard.framework.Applet</KBD>. An applet package contains one or more non-abstract classes that extend the <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">javacard.framework.Applet</KBD> class.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-8837"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">local variable</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10663"></A>a data item known within a block, but inaccessible to code outside the block. For example, any variable defined within a method is a local variable and cannot be used outside the method.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-8887"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">logical channel</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10664"></A>as seen at the card edge, works as a logical link to an application on the card. A logical channel establishes a communications session between a card applet and the terminal. Commands issued on a specific logical channel are forwarded to the active applet on that logical channel. For more information, see the <EM CLASS="Emphasis">ISO/IEC 7816 Specification, Part 4</EM>. (<KBD CLASS="URL"><A HREF="http://www.iso.org" CLASS="URL"><A HREF="http://www.iso.org" CLASS="URL">http://www.iso.org</A></A>).</KBD>
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-6187"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">MAC</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10665"></A>an acronym for Message Authentication Code. MAC is an encryption of data for security purposes.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-7492"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">mask production</STRONG> (masking)
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10666"></A>refers to embedding the Java Card virtual machine, runtime environment, and applets in the read-only memory of a smart card during manufacture.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-6188"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">method</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10667"></A>a procedure or routine associated with one or more classes in object-oriented languages.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-6680"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">multiselectable applets</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10671"></A>implements the <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">javacard.framework.MultiSelectable</KBD> interface. Multiselectable applets can be selected on multiple logical channels at the same time. They can also accept other applets belonging to the same package being selected simultaneously.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-6705"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">multiselected applet</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10672"></A>an applet instance that is selected and, therefore, active on more than one logical channel simultaneously.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-6189"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">namespace</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10673"></A>a set of names in which all names are unique.
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<P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-8831"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">native method</STRONG>
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<P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10674"></A>a method that is not implemented in the Java programming language, but in another language. The <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> file format does not support native methods.
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