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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"><HTML LANG="en"><HEAD><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Style-Type" CONTENT="text/css"><META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Adobe FrameMaker 7.0/HTML Export Filter"><LINK REL="STYLESHEET" HREF="unx_unstr_styles.css" CHARSET="ISO-8859-1" TYPE="text/css"><META name="DC.TITLE" content="Virtual Machine Specification, Java Card Platform, v2.2.2"><TITLE>Glossary </TITLE></HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff"><DIV><div class="navbar" align="center"><table dir="LTR" summary="Navigation bar, includes the book title and navigation buttons" width=100% cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"><colgroup span="2" width="100%"><col id="1" span="1" width="50%"><col id="2" span="1" width="50%"><tr bgcolor="#cccccc"><td class="navbartitle" align=left rowspan="1" colspan="1" abbr="ChapTitle"> Virtual Machine Specification, Java Card Platform, v2.2.2</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" abbr="NavButtons"><a href="index.html"><img src="shared/toc01.gif" title="Table Of Contents" alt="Table Of Contents" width="30" height="26" border="0"></a><a href="JCVM08instrTables.html"><img src="shared/prev01.gif" title="Previous Chapter" alt="Previous Chapter" width="30" height="26" border="0"></a><A HREF="ix.html"><img src="shared/next01.gif" title="Next Chapter" alt="Next Chapter" width="30" height="26" border="0"></a><a href="ix.html"><img src="shared/index01.gif" title="Book Index" alt="Book Index" width="30" height="26" border="0"></a></td></tr></table><br><br></div></DIV><TABLE DIR="LTR" SUMMARY="Chapter Title" ABBR="ChapTitle" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0"><COLGROUP SPAN="1" WIDTH="100%"><COL ID="1" SPAN="1" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD ALIGN="right" CLASS="ChapTitle"><HR SIZE=7 NOSHADE><A NAME="pgfId-11621"></A><A NAME="48508"></A>Glossary</TD></TR></TABLE><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-11622"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">active applet instance</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10425"></A>an applet instance that is selected on at least one of the logical channels. </P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-8614"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">AID (application identifier)</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10431"></A>defined by ISO 7816, a string used to uniquely identify card applications and certain types of files in card file systems. An AID consists of two distinct pieces: a 5-byte RID (resource identifier) and a 0 to 11-byte PIX (proprietary identifier extension). The RID is a resource identifier assigned to companies by ISO. The PIX identifiers are assigned by companies.</P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-8615"></A>A unique AID is assigned for each package. In addition, a unique AID is assigned for each applet in the package. The package AID and the default AID for each applet defined in the package are specified in the <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> file. They are supplied to the converter when the <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> file is generated. </P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-6167"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">APDU</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10441"></A>an acronym for Application Protocol Data Unit as defined in ISO 7816-4.</P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-6168"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">API</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10451"></A>an acronym for Application Programming Interface. The API defines calling conventions by which an application program accesses the operating system and other services.</P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-6169"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">applet</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10457"></A>within the context of this document, a Java Card applet, which is the basic unit of selection, context, functionality, and security in Java Card technology.</P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-6170"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">applet developer</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10463"></A>a person creating an applet using Java Card technology.</P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-7095"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">applet execution context</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10469"></A>context of a package that contains currently active applet. </P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-7130"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">applet firewall</STRONG><A NAME="33340"></A></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10475"></A>the mechanism that prevents unauthorized accesses to objects in contexts other than currently active context. </P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-8650"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">applet package</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10481"></A>see <I CLASS="Title">library package</I>.</P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-7658"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">assigned logical channel</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10487"></A>the logical channel on which the applet instance is either the active applet instance or will become the active applet instance.</P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-6231"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">atomic operation</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10493"></A>an operation that either completes in its entirety or no part of the operation completes at all.</P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-7275"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">atomicity</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10505"></A>state in which a particular operation is atomic. Atomicity of data updates guarantee that data are not corrupted in case of power loss or card removal.</P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-6245"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">ATR</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10501"></A>an acronym for Answer to Reset. An ATR is a string of bytes sent by the Java Card platform after a reset condition.</P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-10500"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">basic logical channel</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10517"></A>logical channel 0, the only channel that is active at card reset. This channel is permanent and can never be closed.</P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-8675"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">big-endian</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10521"></A>a technique of storing multibyte data where the high-order bytes come first. For example, given an 8-bit data item stored in big-endian order, the first bit read is considered the high bit.</P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-8693"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">binary compatibility</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10525"></A>in a Java Card system, a change in a Java programming language package results in a new <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> file. A new <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> file is binary compatible with (equivalently, does not break compatibility with) a preexisting <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> file if another <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> file converted using the export file of the preexisting <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> file can link with the new <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> file without errors.</P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-8807"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">bytecode</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10529"></A>machine-independent code generated by the compiler and executed by the Java virtual machine.</P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-6174"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">CAD</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10533"></A>an acronym for Card Acceptance Device. The CAD is the device in which the card is inserted.</P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-8687"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">CAP file</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-12604"></A>the <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> file is produced by the Converter and is the standard file format for the binary compatibility of the Java Card platform. A <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> file contains an executable binary representation of the classes of a Java programming language package. The <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> file also contains the <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> file components (see also <I CLASS="Title">CAP file component</I>). The <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> files produced by the converter are contained in Java<IMG SRC=shared/chars/tm.gif TITLE="trademark" ALT="trademark"> Archive (JAR) files.<STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para"></STRONG><A NAME="19779"></A></P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-8662"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">CAP file component</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10541"></A>a Java Card platform <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> file consists of a set of components which represent a Java programming language package. Each component describes a set of elements in the Java programming language package, or an aspect of the <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> file. A complete <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> file must contain all of the required components: Header, Directory, Import, Constant Pool, Method, Static Field, and Reference Location</P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-8663"></A>The following components are optional: the Applet, Export, and Debug. The Applet component is included only if one or more Applets are defined in the package. The Export component is included only if classes in other packages may import elements in the package defined. The Debug component is optional. It contains all of the data necessary for debugging a package.</P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-7529"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">card session</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10548"></A>a card session begins with the insertion of the card into the CAD. The card is then able to exchange streams of APDUs with the CAD. The card session ends when the card is removed from the CAD.</P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-6175"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">cast</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10552"></A>the explicit conversion from one data type to another.</P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-8589"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">constant pool</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-12627"></A>the constant pool contains variable-length structures representing various string constants, class names, field names, and other constants referred to within the <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> file and the Export File structure. Each of the constant pool entries, including entry zero, is a variable-length structure whose format is indicated by its first tag byte. There are no ordering constraints on entries in the constant pool entries. One constant pool is associated with each package.</P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-8590"></A>There are differences between the Java platform constant pool and the Java Card technology-based constant pool. For example, in the Java platform constant pool there is one constant type for method references, while in the Java Card constant pool, there are three constant types for method references. The additional information provided by a constant type in Java Card technologies simplifies resolution of references.</P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-7074"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">context</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10563"></A>protected object space associated with each applet package and Java Card RE. All objects owned by an applet belong to context of the applet's package.</P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-7584"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">context switch</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10567"></A>a change from one currently active context to another. For example, a context switch is caused by an attempt to access an object that belongs to an applet instance that resides in a different package. The result of a context switch is a new currently active context.</P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-8705"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">Converter</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10571"></A>a piece of software that preprocesses all of the Java programming language class files that make up a package, and converts the package to a <KBD CLASS="Filename-Command">CAP</KBD> file. The Converter also produces an export file. </P><P CLASS="GlossTerm"><A NAME="pgfId-7141"></A><STRONG CLASS="Lead-In2para">currently active context</STRONG></P><P CLASS="GlossText"><A NAME="pgfId-10575"></A>when an object instance method is invoked, an owning context of this object becomes the currently active context. </P>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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