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19.4.3 定制控件
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19.4.3 定制控件
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165554.htm'>19.4 窗体</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165555.htm'>19.4.1 Form类</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165556.htm'>19.4.2 多文档界面</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165558.htm'>19.5 小结</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165559.htm'>20.1 理解绘图规则</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165560.htm'>20.1.1 GDI和GDI+</a></div></div>
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<div id="text"> <link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><h3 style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 8.15pt"><span lang="ES">19.4.3 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">定制控件</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">使用控件和组件是使窗体软件包</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">如</span><span lang="ES">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">窗体</span><span lang="ES">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的开发非常高效的一个主要因素。创建自己的控件、组件和用户控件并使之更加高效。创建控件可以把功能封装在能多次使用的软件包中。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">创建控件有许多方式。可以从头开始创建，从</span><span lang="ES">Control</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</span><span lang="ES">ScrollableControl</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">或</span><span lang="ES">ContainerContrl</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中派生自己的类。除了给控件添加需要的功能之外，还必须重写</span><span lang="ES">Paint</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">事件，完成绘制工作。如果控件是当前控件的一个改进版本，就必须从该控件中派生出要改进的控件。例如，如果需要一个</span><span lang="ES">TextBox</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">控件，但要改变其背景色，设置其</span><span lang="ES">ReadOnly</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">属性，则创建一个全新的</span><span lang="ES">TextBox</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">控件就会浪费时间。从</span><span lang="ES">TextBox</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">控件中派生，再重写</span><span lang="ES">ReadOnly</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">属性即可。由于</span><span lang="ES">TextBox</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">控件的</span><span lang="ES">ReadOnly</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">属性没有标记为重写，所以必须使用</span><span lang="ES">new</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">语句。下面的代码展示了新的</span><span lang="ES">ReadOnly</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">属性：</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="ES">public new bool ReadOnly</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="ES">{</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="ES"> get { return base. ReadOnly;}</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="ES"> set {</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="ES"> if(value)</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="ES"> this.BackgroundCol</span><span lang="EN-US">o</span><span lang="ES">r = Color.Red;</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="ES"> else</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="ES"> this.BackgroundCol</span><span lang="EN-US">o</span><span lang="ES">r = Color.FromKnowColor(KnowColor.Window);</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="ES"> </span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="ES"> base.ReadOnly = value;</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="ES"> }</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="ES">}</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对于属性</span><span lang="ES">get</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，返回为基本对象设置的内容。把文本框设置为只读属性在这里并不重要，应把这个功能传递给基本对象。在属性</span><span lang="ES">set</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中，检查传递的值是</span><span lang="ES">true</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">还是</span><span lang="ES">false</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。如果是</span><span lang="ES">true</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，就要将颜色改为只读颜色</span><span lang="ES">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在本例中是</span><span lang="ES">Red)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">；如果是</span><span lang="ES">false</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，就把</span><span lang="ES">BackGroundColor</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">设置为默认值。最后，把值传送给基本对象，让文本框成为只读文本框。可以看出，重写一个简单的属性，就可以给控件添加一个新功能。</span></p>
<h4 style="FTEL: 21.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">1. </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">控件属性</span></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">可以给定制控件添加属性，改进设计期间控件的功能。表</span><span lang="ES">19-2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">描述了一些比较有用的属性。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES"> </span></p>
<p class="a5" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">表</span><span lang="ES"> 19-2</span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="BORDER-TOP-STYLE: none; BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: none; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; BORDER-BOTTOM-STYLE: none" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1">
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<td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: windowtext; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 125.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid" valign="top" width="168">
<p class="a5" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">属</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">性</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">名</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">称</span></p>
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<td style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 315.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: none; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: none" valign="top" width="421">
<p class="a5" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">描</span><span lang="ES"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">述</span></p>
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