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11.1.3 用户定义的异常类(2)
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11.1.3 用户定义的异常类(2)
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2006-10-13 14:41:00
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165375.htm'>11.1.2 捕获异常(1)</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165376.htm'>11.1.2 捕获异常(2)</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165377.htm'>11.1.3 用户定义的异常类(1)</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165379.htm'>11.2 小结</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165380.htm'>12.1 使用Visual Studio .NET 2003</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165381.htm'>12.1.1 创建项目</a></div></div>
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<div id="text"> <link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><h4 style="FTEL: 21.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">3. </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">定义异常类</span></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">最后，需要定义</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">个异常类。定义自己的异常是非常简单的，因为几乎不需要添加任何额外的方法，只需执行构造函数，确保基类构造函数正确调用即可。下面是</span><span lang="EN-US">LandLineSpyFoundException</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的完整代码：</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> class LandLineSpyFoundException : ApplicationException</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> {</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> public LandLineSpyFoundException(string spyName)</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> : base("LandLine spy found, with name " + spyName)</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> {</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> }</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> public LandLineSpyFoundException(</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> string spyName, Exception innerException)</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> : base(</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> "LandLine spy found with name " + spyName, innerException)</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> {</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> }</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> }</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">注意，这个类派生于</span><span lang="EN-US">ApplicationException</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，正是我们期望的定制异常。实际上，如果要更正式地创建它，可以把它放在一个中间类中，例如</span><span lang="EN-US">ColdCallFileException</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，它派生于</span><span lang="EN-US">ApplicationException</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，再从这个类派生出两个异常类，只需确保处理代码确切地知道哪个异常处理程序处理哪个异常即可。但为了使这个示例比较简单，就不这么做了。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在</span><span lang="EN-US">LandLineSpyFoundException</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中，处理的内容要多一些。假定传送给构造函数的信息仅是找到的间谍名，就把这个字符串转换为含义更明确的错误信息。我们还提供了两个构造函数，其中一个构造函数的参数只是一个信息，另一个构造函数的参数还有一个内层异常。在定义自己的异常类时，最好把这两个构造函数都包括进来</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">但以后将不能在示例中使用第二个</span><span lang="EN-US">LandLineSpyFoundException</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">构造函数</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对于</span><span lang="EN-US">ColdCallFileFormatException</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，规则是一样的，但不必对信息进行任何处理：</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> class ColdCallFileFormatException : ApplicationException</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> {</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> public ColdCallFileFormatException(string message)</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> : base(message)</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> {</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> }</span></p>
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