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13.3.2 语言无关性(1)
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13.3.2 语言无关性(1)
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2006-10-13 14:41:00
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165401.htm'>13.2.5 构建程序集</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165402.htm'>13.3 跨语言支持</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165403.htm'>13.3.1 CTS和CLS</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165405.htm'>13.3.2 语言无关性(2)</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165406.htm'>13.3.3 CLS要求</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165407.htm'>13.4 全局程序集缓存</a></div></div>
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<div id="text"> <link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><h3 style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 8.15pt"><a ftel="_Toc507815126"><span lang="ES">13.3.2 </span></a><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">语言无关性</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">下面看看</span><span lang="ES">CLS</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。我们创建的第一个程序集包括一个用</span><span lang="EN-US">Visual C++</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">编写的基类。第二个程序集有一个继承</span><span lang="EN-US">C++</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类的</span><span lang="EN-US">VB.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类。第三个程序集是一个</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">控制台应用程序，并带有一个派生于</span><span lang="EN-US">VB.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">代码的类，和一个使用</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类的</span><span lang="EN-US">Main</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">函数。这种执行方式应说明语言是如何使用</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类的，如何处理数字。这些类都有一个简单的</span><span lang="EN-US">Hello()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">方法和一个</span><span lang="EN-US">Add()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">方法，</span><span lang="EN-US">Hello()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">方法中使用了</span><span lang="EN-US">System.Console</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类，</span><span lang="EN-US">Add()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">方法对两个数字执行相加操作，图</span><span lang="EN-US">13-11</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">是这些类和方法的</span><span lang="EN-US">UML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类示意图。</span></p>
<p align="center"><span lang="EN-US"><img height="280" src="13/image021.gif" width="82" alt="" /></span></p>
<p style="FTEL: 8.15pt" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">图</span><span lang="EN-US"> 13-11</span></p>
<h4><span lang="ES">1. </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">编写</span><span lang="ES">Managed C++</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">类</span></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">要创建的第一个项目类型是</span><span lang="ES">.NET Class Library</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在</span><span lang="ES">VS.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">通过</span><span lang="ES">Visual C++ Projects</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">项目类型</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">来创建，其名称是</span><span lang="ES">HelloMCPP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，如图</span><span lang="ES">13-12</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">所示。</span></p>
<p align="center"><span lang="EN-US"><img height="247" src="13/image022.jpg" width="361" alt="" /></span></p>
<p style="FTEL: 8.15pt" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">图</span><span lang="EN-US"> 13-12</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">使用</span><span lang="ES">VS.NET 2003</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">可以创建纯粹的</span><span lang="ES">C++</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">托管代码。这个例子要在一个文件中混合本机代码和托管代码，所以需要修改一些项目属性：</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES">C</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">运行库必须添加到连接程序中。方法是使用</span><span lang="ES">Linker | input</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">配置把</span><span lang="ES">msvcrt.lib</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">添加到附加的依赖关系中。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">必须在同一个配置中删除</span><span lang="ES">nochkclr.obj</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。如果不使用</span><span lang="ES">C</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">运行库，就会进行安全检查。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">使用</span><span lang="ES">C</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">函数需要一个入口。给</span><span lang="ES">Force Symbol References</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">添加</span><span lang="ES">__DllMainCRTStartup@12</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">必要的配置修改如图</span><span lang="ES">13-13</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">所示。</span></p>
<p class="a3" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; FTEL: 21.45pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">注意：</span></p>
<p class="a1" style="FTEL: 21.05pt"><span lang="ES" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">VS.NET 2003</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">允许创建纯粹的</span><span lang="ES" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">C++</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">托管代码。但</span><span lang="ES" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">VS.NET 2002</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">不允许，所以不需要修改配置。</span></p>
<p align="center"><span lang="EN-US"><img height="280" src="13/image023.jpg" width="414" alt="" /></span></p>
<p style="FTEL: 8.15pt" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">图</span><span lang="EN-US"> 13-13</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">应用程序向导生成了类</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">HelloMCPP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">，用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">_gc</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">标记，使类成为一个托管类。如果没有特定的属性，类就是一个一般的非</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">Managed C++</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">类，可以生成本机代码。这个类在文件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">HelloMCPP.h</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">中：</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt"><span lang="EN-US">// HelloMCPP.h</span></p>
<p class="2"><span lang="EN-US">#pragma once</span></p>
<p class="2"><span lang="EN-US">using namespace System;</span></p>
<p class="2"><span lang="EN-US">namespace HelloMCPP</span></p>
<p class="2"><span lang="EN-US">{</span></p>
<p class="2"><span lang="EN-US"> public </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: "Baskerville BE Regular"">__</span><span lang="EN-US">gc class Class1</span></p>
<p class="2"><span lang="EN-US"> {</span></p>
<p class="2"><span lang="EN-US"> // TODO: Add your methods for this class here.</span></p>
<p class="2"><span lang="EN-US"> };</span></p>
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