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28.3.2 创建Runtime Callable Wrapper
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28.3.2 创建Runtime Callable Wrapper
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165720.htm'>28.2 编组</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165721.htm'>28.3 在.NET客户程序中使用COM组件</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165722.htm'>28.3.1 创建COM组件</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165724.htm'>28.3.3 线程问题</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165725.htm'>28.3.4 添加连接点</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165726.htm'>28.3.5 在Windows窗体中使用ActiveX控件</a></div></div>
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<div id="text"> <link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><h3 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:8.15pt;margin-left:
0cm'><span lang=EN-US>28.3.2 </span><span style='font-family:黑体'>创建</span><span
lang=EN-US>Runtime Callable Wrapper</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>现在可以在</span><span lang=EN-US>.NET</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>中使用</span><span lang=EN-US>COM</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>组件了。为此，必须创建一个</span><span lang=EN-US>Runtime Callable
Wrapper(RCW)</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>。使用</span><span lang=EN-US>RCW</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，</span><span lang=EN-US>.NET</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>客户就可以使用</span><span lang=EN-US>.NET</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>对象而不是</span><span lang=EN-US>COM</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>组件，所以不需要处理</span><span lang=EN-US>COM</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>特性，这是由包装器来处理的。</span><span lang=EN-US>RCW</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>隐藏了</span><span lang=EN-US>IUnknown</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>IDispatch</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>接口</span><span lang=EN-US>(</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>如图</span><span lang=EN-US>28-8</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>所示</span><span lang=EN-US>)</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，并处理</span><span lang=EN-US>COM</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>对象的引用数。</span></p>
<p class=a><span lang=EN-US><img width=448 height=218
src="28/image009.jpg"></span></p>
<p class=10><span style='font-family:宋体'>图</span><span lang=EN-US> 28-8</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>RCW</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>可以使用命令行实用工具</span><span
lang=EN-US>tlbimp</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>或</span><span lang=EN-US>Visual
Studio .NET</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>来创建。启动命令：</span></p>
<p class=a5 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:8.15pt;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><b><span lang=EN-US>tlbimp
COMServer.dll /out: Interop.COMServer.dll</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>会创建文件</span><span lang=EN-US>Interop.COMServer.dll</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，其中包含带有包装器类的</span><span lang=EN-US>.NET</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>程序集。在这个生成的程序集中，可以找到命名空间</span><span lang=EN-US>COMWrapper</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>、类</span><span lang=EN-US>CCOMDemoCalss</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>、接口</span><span lang=EN-US>CCOMDecmo</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>、</span><span lang=EN-US>IMath</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>IWelcome</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>。命名空间的名称可以使用实用工具</span><span lang=EN-US>tlbimp</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>的选项来修改。选项</span><span lang=EN-US>/namespace</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>允许指定不同的命名空间，</span><span lang=EN-US>/asmversion</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>可以定义程序集的版本号。</span></p>
<p class=a2 style='margin-top:8.15pt;FTEL:21.45pt'><span
style='font-family:黑体'>注意：</span></p>
<p align=center style='FTEL:8.15pt;FTEL:21.45pt'><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>这个命令行实用工具的另一个重要选项是</span><span lang=EN-US>/keyfile</span><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>，它可以把一个强名称赋给所生成的程序集。关于强名称，详见第</span><span
lang=EN-US>13</span><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>章。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>RCW</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>还可以使用</span><span
lang=EN-US>Visual Studio .NET</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>来创建。要创建一个简单的示例应用程序，应创建一个</span><span
lang=EN-US>C#</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>控制台项目。在</span><span
lang=EN-US>Solution Explorer</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>中，通过选择</span><span
lang=EN-US>COM</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>选项卡，向下滚动到</span><span
lang=EN-US>COMServer 1.0 Type Library</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>选项上，可以添加对</span><span
lang=EN-US>COM</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>服务器的引用，如图</span><span
lang=EN-US>28-9</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>所示。这里列出了在注册表中配置的所有</span><span
lang=EN-US>COM</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>对象。从列表中选择一个</span><span
lang=EN-US>COM</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>组件，创建一个带</span><span
lang=EN-US>RCW</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>类的程序集。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>在创建好包装器类后，就可以为应用程序编写代码来实例化和访问组件了。由于在</span><span
lang=EN-US>C++</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>文件中有定制特性，所以</span><span
lang=EN-US>RCW</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>类生成的命名空间是</span><span
lang=EN-US>Wrox.ProCSharp.COMInterop.Server</span><span style='font-family:
宋体'>。在上面声明中添加这个命名空间和</span><span lang=EN-US>System.Runtime.InteropServices</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>命名空间。在</span><span lang=EN-US>System.Runtime.
InteropServices</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>命名空间中，使用</span><span
lang=EN-US>Marshal</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>类可以释放</span><span
lang=EN-US>COM</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>对象。</span></p>
<p class=a><span lang=EN-US><img width=392 height=305
src="28/image010.jpg"></span></p>
<p class=10><span style='font-family:宋体'>图</span><span lang=EN-US> 28-9</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:0cm;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:.0001pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span
lang=EN-US>using System;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>using
System.Runtime.InteropServices;</span></p>
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