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12.1.1 创建项目
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C#高级编程（第3版）【全文连载】
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12.1.1 创建项目
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165378.htm'>11.1.3 用户定义的异常类(2)</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165379.htm'>11.2 小结</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165380.htm'>12.1 使用Visual Studio .NET 2003</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165382.htm'>12.1.2 解决方案和项目</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165383.htm'>12.1.3 Windows应用程序代码</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165384.htm'>12.1.4 读取Visual Studio 6项目</a></div></div>
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<div id="text"> <link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><h3 style="MARGIN-TOP: 9.8pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 9.8pt"><a ftel="_Toc507815093"><span lang="EN-US">12.1.1 </span></a><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">创建项目</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 17.8pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">安装好</span><span lang="EN-US">Visual Studio .NET 2003</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">后，就可以开始编写第一个项目了。在</span><span lang="EN-US">Visual Studio .NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中，很少从一个空白文件开始，从头键入</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">代码，就像本书前面章节那样</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">当然，如果确实要从头开始编写代码，该</span><span lang="EN-US">IDE</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">也提供了空应用程序项目选项</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。编写项目的方式一般是先告诉</span><span lang="EN-US">Visual Studio .NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">要创建什么类型的项目，然后</span><span lang="EN-US">Visual Studio .NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">会自动生成文件和</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">代码，给出该类型项目的基本框架。接着，用户就可以在其中添加自己的代码了。例如，如果要编写一个基于</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows GUI</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">界面的应用程序</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中，这称为</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">窗体</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，</span><span lang="EN-US">Visual Studio .NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">就会建立一个文件，其中包含的</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">源代码创建了一个基本窗体，这个窗体可以与</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">通信，接收事件。它还可以最大化、最小化、重新设置大小，用户只需在其中添加控件或其他功能。如果应用程序要设计为命令行工具</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">控制台应用程序</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，</span><span lang="EN-US">Visual Studio .NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">就会提供一个基本命名空间、类和</span><span lang="EN-US">Main()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">方法。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 17.8pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">最后，在创建项目时，</span><span lang="EN-US">Visual Studio .NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">还设置了提供给</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">编译器的编译选项<span style="LETTER-SPACING: -1pt">——</span></span><span style="LETTER-SPACING: -1pt"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">无论项目是编译为命令行应用程序、库，还是编译为</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">应用程序。它还告诉编译器需要引用的基类库</span><span lang="EN-US">(Windows GUI</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">应用程序需要引用许多</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows.Forms</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">相关的库，控制台应用程序则不需要</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。当然如果必要，用户可以在编辑时，修改这些设置。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 17.8pt; FTEL: 3.25pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在第一次启动</span><span lang="EN-US">Visual Studio .NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">时，出现的窗口称为</span><span lang="EN-US">Start Page</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，如图</span><span lang="EN-US">12-4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">所示。这个</span><span lang="EN-US">Start Page</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">是一个</span><span lang="EN-US">HTML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">页面，其中包含各种链接，通过它们可以进入有用的网站，设置</span><span lang="EN-US">Visual Studio .NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的外观和配置</span><span lang="EN-US">(My Profile</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">选项卡</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，打开现有的项目，或者启动一个新项目。</span></p>
<p align="center"><span lang="EN-US"><img height="373" src="12/image004.jpg" width="515" alt="" /></span></p>
<p style="FTEL: 8.15pt" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">图</span> <span lang="EN-US"> 12-4</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 17.6pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">这个屏幕图显示了使用</span><span lang="EN-US">Visual Studio .NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">后的情形，其中有一个最近编辑的项目列表。单击其中的一个项目就可以打开它。</span></p>
<p class="a3" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; FTEL: 21.45pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">注意：</span></p>
<p class="a1" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; FTEL: 21.45pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">利用</span><span lang="EN-US"> My Profile</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">选项，甚至可以改变</span><span lang="EN-US">Visual Studio .NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">的外观，以匹配以前常用的开发环境。例如，可以设置</span><span lang="EN-US">Visual Studio .NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">，使它的用户界面看起来类似于以前的</span><span lang="EN-US">VB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">或</span><span lang="EN-US">C++ IDE</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">。但要注意，这个选项只能改变各个窗口在屏幕上的位置。您将发现，大多数菜单、工具栏选项以及每个窗口的具体功能都是新的。</span></p>
<h4 style="FTEL: 21.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">1. </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">选择项目类型</span></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">创建新项目时，既可以单击起始页面上的</span><span lang="EN-US">New Project</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">按钮，也可以单击</span><span lang="EN-US">File</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">菜单，选择</span><span lang="EN-US">New</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">︱</span><span lang="EN-US">Project</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。无论使用什么方式，都会显示</span><span lang="EN-US">New Project</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对话框，如图</span><span lang="EN-US">12-5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">所示，其中给出了可以创建的各种项目。</span></p>
<p align="center"><span lang="EN-US"><img height="215" src="12/image005.jpg" width="311" alt="" /></span></p>
<p style="FTEL: 8.15pt" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">图</span><span lang="EN-US"> 12-5</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">该对话框要求用户选择</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">Visual Studio .NET</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">为用户生成的某种初始框架文件和代码、编译选项，以及编译代码所使用的编译器：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">C#</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">VB.NET</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">J#</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">Visual C++.NET</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">编译器。从这里可以看出，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">Microsoft</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">.NET</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">提供了多种语言集成。对于本例，我们选择了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">C#</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">控制台应用程序。</span></p>
<p class="a3" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; FTEL: 21.45pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">注意：</span></p>
<p class="a1" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; FTEL: 21.45pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">这里不打算介绍不同类型的项目的所有选项。在</span><span lang="EN-US">C++</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">方面，</span><span lang="EN-US">Visual Studio .NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">可以创建所有旧的</span><span lang="EN-US">C++</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">项目类型<span style="LETTER-SPACING: -1pt">——</span></span><span style="LETTER-SPACING: -1pt"> </span><span lang="EN-US">MFC</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">应用程序、</span><span lang="EN-US">ALT</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">项目等。在</span><span lang="EN-US">VB.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">方面，选项有一些变化，例如，可以创建</span><span lang="EN-US">VB.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">命令行应用程序</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">控制台应用程序</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">、</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">组件</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">类库</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">或者</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">控件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">(Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">控件库</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">，但不能创建基于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">COM</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">的旧风格的控件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">(.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">控件可以取代这种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">ActiveX</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">控件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">表</span><span lang="EN-US">12-1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">列出了</span><span lang="EN-US">Visual C# Projects</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">下所有可用的选项，以及详细讨论这些选项的章节。注意，在</span><span lang="EN-US">Other Projects</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">选项下还有一些比较专业的</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">模板项目。</span></p>
<p class="a5" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">表</span><span lang="EN-US"> 12-1</span></p>
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<p class="a2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">如</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">果</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">选</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">择</span></p>
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<p class="a2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">得到的</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">代码和编译选项将生成</span></p>
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