100162751.htm

来自「C#高级编程(第三版),顶死你们。。 。up」· HTM 代码 · 共 441 行 · 第 1/5 页

<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类型中所有私有成员字段的名称都应是</span><span lang="EN-US">camel</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">大小写形式：</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN: 4.9pt 0cm 4.9pt 21.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">public int subscriberID;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 37.45pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">但要注意成员字段名常常用一个下划线开头：</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN: 4.9pt 0cm 4.9pt 21.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">public int</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> </span><span lang="EN-US">_subscriberID;</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">传递给方法的所有参数都应是</span><span lang="EN-US">camel</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">大小写形式：</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN: 4.9pt 0cm 4.9pt 21.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;public void RecordSale(string salesmanName, int quantity);</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span lang="EN-US">camel</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">大小写形式也可以用于区分同名的两个对象<span style="LETTER-SPACING: -1pt">&mdash;&mdash;</span></span><span style="LETTER-SPACING: -1pt"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">比较常见的情况是属性封装一个字段：</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN: 8.15pt 0cm 0pt 21.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.45pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US">private string employeeName;</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">public string EmployeeName</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">{</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;get&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return employeeName;</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 8.15pt 21.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp; }</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">如果这么做，则私有成员总是使用</span><span lang="EN-US">camel</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">大小写形式，而公共的或受保护的成员总是使用</span><span lang="EN-US">Pascal </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">大小写形式，这样使用这段代码的其他类就只能使用</span><span lang="EN-US">Pascal </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">大小写形式的名称了</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">除了参数名以外</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">还要注意大小写问题。</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">是区分大小写的，所以在</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中，仅大小写不同的名称在语法上是不同的，如上面的例子。但是，程序集可能在</span><span lang="EN-US">VB.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">应用程序中调用，而</span><span lang="EN-US">VB.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">是不区分大小写的，如果使用仅大小写不同的名称，就必须使这两个名称不能在程序集的外部访问。</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">上例是可行的，因为仅私有变量使用了</span><span lang="EN-US">camel</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">大小写形式的名称</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。否则，</span><span lang="EN-US">VB.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中的其他代码就不能正确使用这个程序集。</span></p>
<p class="a3" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">(2) </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">名称的风格</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">名称的风格应保持一致。例如，如果类中的一个方法叫</span><span lang="EN-US">ShowConfirmationDialog()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，其他方法就不能叫</span><span lang="EN-US">ShowDialogWarning()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">或</span><span lang="EN-US"> WarningDialogShow()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，而应是</span><span lang="EN-US">ShowWarningDialog()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</span></p>
<p class="a3" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">(3) </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">命名空间的名称</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">命名空间的名称非常重要，一定要仔细设计，以避免一个命名空间中对象的名称与其他对象同名。记住，命名空间的名称是</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">区分共享程序集中对象名的惟一方式。如果软件包的命名空间使用的名称与另一个软件包相同，而这两个软件包都安装在一台计算机上，就会出问题。因此，最好用自己的公司名创建顶级的命名空间，再嵌套后面技术范围较窄、用户所在小组或部门、或类所在软件包的命名空间。</span><span lang="EN-US">Microsoft</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">建议使用如下的命名空间：</span><span lang="EN-US">&lt;CompanyName&gt;.&lt;TechnologyName&gt;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，例如：</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN: 8.15pt 0cm 0pt 21.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">WeaponsOfDestructionCorp.RayGunControllers</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18.85pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: 0.1pt">WeaponsOfDestructionCorp.Viruses</span></p>
<p class="a3" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">(4) </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">名称和关键字</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">名称不应与任何关键字冲突，这是非常重要的。实际上，如果在代码中，试图给某个对象指定与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">C#</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">关键字同名的名称，就会出现语法错误，因为编译器会假定该名称表示一个语句。但是，由于类可能由其他语言编写的代码访问，所以不能使用其他</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">.NET</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">语言中的关键字作为对象的名称。一般说来，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">C++</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">关键字类似于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">C#</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">关键字，不太可能与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">C++</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">混淆，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">Visual C++</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">常用的关键字则用两个下划线字符开头。与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">C#</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">一样，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">C++</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">关键字都是小写字母，如果要遵循公共类和成员使用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">Pascal</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">风格的名称的约定，则在它们的名称中至少有一个字母是大写，因此不会与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">C++</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">关键字冲突。另一方面，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">VB.NET</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的问题会多一些，因为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">VB.NET</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的关键字要比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">C#</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的多，而且它不区分大小写，不能依赖于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">Pascal</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">风格的名称来区分类和成员。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">2-17</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">列出了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">VB.NET</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中的关键字和标准函数调用，无论对于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">C#</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">公共类使用什么大小写组合，这些名称都不应使用。</span></p>
<p class="a5" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">表</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp; 2-17</span></p>
<p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; MARGIN-LEFT: 9.9pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1">
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 9.9pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 9.9pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 104.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid" valign="top" width="139">
            <p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line">Abs</span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 9.9pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 9.9pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 104.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid" valign="top" width="139">
            <p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line">Do</span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 9.9pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 9.9pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 104.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid" valign="top" width="139">
            <p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line">Loc</span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 9.9pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 9.9pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 125.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid" valign="top" width="167">
            <p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line">RGB</span></p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 9.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 9.9pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 104.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid" valign="top" width="139">
            <p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line">Add</span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 9.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 9.9pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 104.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid" valign="top" width="139">
            <p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line">Double</span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 9.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 9.9pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 104.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid" valign="top" width="139">
            <p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line">Local</span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 9.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 9.9pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 125.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid" valign="top" width="167">
            <p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line">Right</span></p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 9.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 9.9pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 104.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid" valign="top" width="139">
            <p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line">AddHandler</span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 9.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 9.9pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 104.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid" valign="top" width="139">
            <p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line">Each</span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 9.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 9.9pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 104.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid" valign="top" width="139">
            <p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line">Lock</span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 9.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 9.9pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 125.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid" valign="top" width="167">
            <p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line">RmDir</span></p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 9.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 9.9pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 104.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid" valign="top" width="139">
            <p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line">AddressOf</span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 9.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 9.9pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 104.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid" valign="top" width="139">
            <p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line">Else</span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 9.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 9.9pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 104.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid" valign="top" width="139">
            <p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line">LOF</span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 9.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 9.9pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 125.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid" valign="top" width="167">