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26.3.1 创建Web服务
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C#高级编程（第3版）
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26.3.1 创建Web服务
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165689.htm'>26.1 SOAP</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165690.htm'>26.2 WSDL</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165691.htm'>26.3 Web服务</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165693.htm'>26.3.2 使用Web服务</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165694.htm'>26.4 扩充会议登记示例</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165695.htm'>26.4.1 会议登记 Web服务</a></div></div>
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<link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><h3 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:8.15pt;margin-left:
0cm'><a FTEL="_Toc507815259"><span lang=EN-US>26.3.1 </span></a><span
style='font-family:黑体'>创建</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:黑体'>服务</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>把代码直接放到</span><span lang=EN-US>.asmx</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>文件中或者从这些文件中引用</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务类，都可以实现对</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务的创建。如同</span><span lang=EN-US>ASP.NET</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>页一样，在</span><span lang=EN-US>VS.NET</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>中创建</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务也使用后一种方法，目的是把问题讲述得更清楚一些。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>如图</span><span lang=EN-US>26-1</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>所示，创建</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务项目</span><span lang=EN-US>PCSWebSrv1</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，此时系统会生成一系列的文件，他们与创建</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>应用程序项目时所生成的一组文件相似。实际上，惟一的区别就是创建</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>应用程序时生成的文件是</span><span lang=EN-US>WebForm1.aspx</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，而创建</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务项目时生成的文件是</span><span lang=EN-US>Service1.asmx</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>。</span></p>
<p align=center><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:7.0pt'><img border=0 width=362
height=250 src="26/image001.jpg"></span></p>
<p align=center style='FTEL:8.15pt'><span style='font-family:宋体'>图</span><span
lang=EN-US> 26-1</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>通过</span><span lang=EN-US>VS.NET</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>并不能直接访问</span><span lang=EN-US>Service1.asmx</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>中的代码，但是使用</span><span lang=EN-US>Notepad</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>可以看到如下的代码：</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:0cm;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:.0001pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span
lang=EN-US><%@ WebService Language="c#"
Codebehind="Service1.asmx.cs"</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:8.15pt;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
Class="PCSWebSrv1.Service1" %></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>上面代码的作用是引用</span><span
lang=EN-US>VS.NET</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>中的代码文件</span><span
lang=EN-US>Service1.asmx.cs</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>，在</span><span
lang=EN-US>Solution Explorer</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>中右击</span><span
lang=EN-US>Service1.asmx</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>，选择</span><span
lang=EN-US>View Code</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>，就可以访问</span><span
lang=EN-US>Service1.asmx.cs</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>文件。生成的代码如下所示</span><span
lang=EN-US>(</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>为了简化起见，这里省略了注释</span><span
lang=EN-US>)</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>：</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:0cm;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:.0001pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span
lang=EN-US>using System;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>using
System.Collections;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>using
System.ComponentModel;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>using
System.Data;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>using
System.Diagnostics;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>using
System.Web;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>using
System.Web.Services;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>namespace
PCSWebSrv1</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>{</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
public class Service1 : System.Web.Services.WebService</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
{</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
public Service1()</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
{</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
InitializeComponent();</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
}</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
#region Component Designer generated code</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
</span><span lang=FR>private IContainer components = null;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=FR> </span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=FR>
</span><span lang=EN-US>private void InitializeComponent()</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
{</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
}</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
{</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
if(disposing && components != null)</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=FR>
{</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=FR>
components.Dispose();</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=FR>
}</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=FR>
base.Dispose(disposing); </span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=FR>
}</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=FR>
#endregion</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=FR>
}</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:8.15pt;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=FR>}</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>这段代码包含几个标准命名空间引用</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>定义了命名空间</span><span
lang=FR>PCSWebSrv1</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>，该命名空间</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>包含一个</span><span lang=FR>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务类</span><span lang=FR>Service1</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>的定义</span><span lang=FR>(</span><span style='font-family:
宋体'>它在</span><span lang=FR>Service1.asmx</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>中引用</span><span
lang=FR>)</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>，</span><span style='font-family:
宋体'>类</span><span lang=FR>Service1</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>是从</span><span
lang=FR>System.Web. Services.WebService</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>继承而来的</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>它也包含与</span><span
lang=FR>ASP.NET</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>页面的后台编码文件</span><span
lang=FR>(</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>详见第</span><span lang=FR>25</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>章</span><span lang=FR>)</span><span style='font-family:
宋体'>类似的代码。这些代码是在</span><span lang=EN-US>VS.NET</span><span style='font-family:
宋体'>中设计</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>服务所需要的，其中一部分代码是一个私有成员，包含了可以添加到</span><span
lang=EN-US>Web</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>服务中的组件。为了让</span><span
lang=EN-US>Web</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>服务类正确地释放资源，还有一个</span><span
lang=EN-US>Dispose()</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>方法，它可以清理这个集合中的所有组件。现在我们应在这个</span><span
lang=EN-US>Web</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>服务类上提供其他方法。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>在通过</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务添加可以访问的方法时，需要把方法定义为</span><span lang=EN-US>public</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，并使方法具有</span><span lang=EN-US>WebMethod</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>属性。这个属性可以把我们想要的方法标记为可访问的。稍后将会学习返回类型和参数所用到的类型，现在仅添加下面的方法。</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:0cm;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:.0001pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span
lang=EN-US> [WebMethod]</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
public String CanWeFixIt()</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
{</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
return "Yes we can!";</span><span class=MsoCommentReference><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;display:none;letter-spacing:.2pt'> </span></span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:8.15pt;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
}</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>接着编译该项目。将</span><span
lang=EN-US>Web</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>浏览器指向</span><span lang=EN-US>Service1.asmx</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，检查服务的工作情况</span><span lang=EN-US>(</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>如果运行该项目，就会进入这个页面</span><span lang=EN-US>)</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，如图</span><span lang=EN-US>26-2</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>所示。</span></p>
<p align=center><span lang=EN-US><img border=0 width=480 height=442
src="26/image002.jpg"></span></p>
<p align=center style='FTEL:8.15pt'><span style='font-family:宋体'>图</span><span
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