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9.1.3 字典(2)
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C#高级编程（第3版）【全文连载】
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9.1.3 字典(2)
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2006-10-13 14:41:00
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165359.htm'>9.1.1 数组列表</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165360.htm'>9.1.2 集合</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165361.htm'>9.1.3 字典(1)</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165363.htm'>9.2 小结</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165364.htm'>10.1 定制特性</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165365.htm'>10.1.1 编写定制特性</a></div></div>
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<div id="text"> <link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><h4 style="FTEL: 21.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">4. MortimerPhonesEmployees</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">示例</span></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">MortimerPhonesEmployees</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">示例程序建立了一个员工字典。如前所述，该字典是用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">EmployeeID</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对象来索引的，存储在字典中的每个数据项都是一个</span><span lang="EN-US">EmployeeData</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对象，该对象存储员工的详细数据。该程序仅实例化了一个字典，给字典添加两个员工信息，然后让用户键入员工的</span><span lang="EN-US">ID</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。对于用户键入的每个员工的</span><span lang="EN-US">ID</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，程序将使用</span><span lang="EN-US">ID</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在字典中索引，获取相应的员工信息。这个过程一直迭代，直到用户键入</span><span lang="EN-US">X</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，才退出程序。运行该示例的结果如下所示：</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><strong><span lang="EN-US">MortimerPhonesEmployees</span></strong></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">Enter employee ID (format:A999, X to exit)> B001</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">Employee: B001: Mortimer £100,000.00</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">Enter employee ID (format:A999, X to exit)> W234</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">Employee: W234: Arabel Jones £10,000.00</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">Enter employee ID (format:A999, X to exit)> X</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">这个示例包含了许多类。特别是</span><span lang="EN-US">EmployeeID</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类和</span><span lang="EN-US">EmployeeData</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类，</span><span lang="EN-US">EmployeeID</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类是键，用于标识员工，</span><span lang="EN-US">EmployeeData</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类则存储员工的数据。下面先介绍</span><span lang="EN-US">EmployeeID</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类，因为它用作字典的一个键，所有的操作都基于这个类，该类的定义如下所示：</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> class EmployeeID</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> {</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> private readonly char prefix;</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> private readonly int number;</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> public EmployeeID(string id)</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> {</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> prefix = (id.ToUpper())[0];</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> number = int.Parse(id.Substring(1,3));</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> }</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> public override string ToString()</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> {</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> return prefix.ToString() + string.Format("{0,3:000}", number);</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> }</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> public override int GetHashCode()</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> {</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> return ToString().GetHashCode();</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> }</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> public override bool Equals(object obj)</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> {</span></p>
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