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1.3 中间语言
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C#高级编程（第3版）【全文连载】
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1.3 中间语言
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2006-8-17 16:57:00
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100162730.htm'>1.1 C#与.NET的关系</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100162731.htm'>1.2 公共语言运行库</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100162733.htm'>1.4 程序集</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100162734.htm'>1.5 .NET Framework类</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100162735.htm'>1.6 用C#创建.NET应用程序</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100162736.htm'>1.7 C#在.NET企业体系结构中的作用</a></div></div>
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<div id="text"> <link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中有非常重要的作用。</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">开发人员应明白，</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">代码在执行前要编译为中间语言</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">实际上，</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">编译器仅编译为托管代码</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，这是有意义的，现在应详细讨论一下</span><span lang="EN-US">IL</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的主要特征，因为面向</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的所有语言在逻辑上都需要支持</span><span lang="EN-US">IL</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的主要特征。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">下面就是中间语言的主要特征：</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">面向对象和使用接口</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">值类型和引用类型之间的巨大差别</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">强数据类型</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">使用异常来处理错误</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">使用特性</span><span lang="EN-US">(attribute)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">下面详细讨论这些特征。</span></p>
<h3 style="MARGIN: 8.15pt 0cm"><span lang="EN-US">1.3.1</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">面向对象和接口的支持</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的语言无关性还有一些实际的限制。特别是中间语言在设计时就打算实现某些特殊的编程方法，这表示</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">语言必须与编程方法兼容，</span><span lang="EN-US">Microsoft</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">为</span><span lang="EN-US">IL</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">选择的特定道路是传统的面向对象的编程，带有类的单一继承性。</span></p>
<p class="a3" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.45pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">注意：</span></p>
<p class="a1" style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 8.15pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.45pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">不熟悉面向对象功能概念的读者应参考附录</span><span lang="EN-US">A</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">，获得更多的信息。附录</span><span lang="EN-US">A</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">可以从</span><span lang="EN-US">www.wrox.com</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">上下载。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">除了传统的面向对象编程外，中间语言还引入了接口的概念，它们显示了在带有</span><span lang="EN-US">COM</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">下的第一个实现方式。</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">接口与</span><span lang="EN-US">COM</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">接口不同，它们不需要支持任何</span><span lang="EN-US">COM</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">基础结构，例如，它们不是派生自</span><span lang="EN-US">IUnknown</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，也没有对应的</span><span lang="EN-US">GUID</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。但它们与</span><span lang="EN-US">COM</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">接口共享下述理念：提供一个契约，实现给定接口的类必须提供该接口指定的方法和属性的实现方式。</span></p>
<h4 style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.45pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">面向对象和语言的互操作性</span></h4>
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