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23.9 在XML中串行化对象
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23.9 在XML中串行化对象
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165649.htm'>23.8.1 将ADO.NET数据转换为XML文档(2)</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165650.htm'>23.8.2 把XML文档转换为 ADO.NET数据</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165651.htm'>23.8.3 读写DiffGram</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165653.htm'>23.10 小结</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165679.htm'>25.1 ASP.NET概述</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165680.htm'>25.2 ASP.NET Web窗体(1)</a></div></div>
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<link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><h3 style="MARGIN-TOP: 11.4pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 11.4pt"><a ftel="_Toc507815201"><span lang="EN-US">23.9 </span></a><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">在</span><span lang="EN-US">XML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">中串行化</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">对象</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a ftel="serializing"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">串行化是把一个对象存入磁盘的过程。应用程序的另一部分，甚至另一个应用程序都可以反串行化对象，使它的状态与串行化之前相同。</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET Framework</span></a><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">为此提供了两种方式。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">本节将介绍</span><span lang="EN-US">System.Xml.Serialization</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">命名空间。它包含的类可用于把对象串行化为</span><span lang="EN-US">XML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">文档或流。这表示对象的公共属性和公共字段将转换为</span><span lang="EN-US">XML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">元素和</span><span lang="EN-US">/</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">或属性。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">System.Xml.Serialization</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">命名空间中最重要的类是</span><span lang="EN-US">XmlSerializer</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。要串行化对象，首先需要实例化一个</span><span lang="EN-US">XmlSerializer</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对象，指定要串行化的对象类型，然后实例化一个流</span><span lang="EN-US">/</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">写入器对象，把文件写入流</span><span lang="EN-US">/</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">文档。最后一步是在</span><span lang="EN-US">XmlSerializer</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">上调用</span><span lang="EN-US">Serializer()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">方法，给它传送流</span><span lang="EN-US">/</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">写入器对象和要串行化的对象。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">被串行化的数据可以为基本类型的数据、字段、数组和</span><span lang="EN-US">XmlElements</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和</span><span lang="EN-US">XmlAttribute</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对象格式的内嵌</span><span lang="EN-US">XML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">为了从</span><span lang="EN-US">XML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">文档中反串行化对象，应执行上述过程的逆过程。即创建一个流</span><span lang="EN-US">/</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">读取器对象和一个</span><span lang="EN-US">XmlSerializer</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对象，然后给</span><span lang="EN-US">DeSerializer()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">方法传送该流</span><span lang="EN-US">/</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">读取器对象。这个方法返回反串行化的对象，但需要转换为正确的类型。</span></p>
<p class="a3" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; FTEL: 21.45pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">注意：</span></p>
<p class="a1" style="FTEL: 21.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">XML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">串行化器不能转换私有数据，只能转换公共数据，它也不能串行化对象图表。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">但是，这并不是一个严格的限制。对类进行仔细设计，就很容易避免突破这个限制。如果需要串行化公共数据和私有数据，以及包含许多嵌套对象的对象图形，就可以使用</span><span lang="EN-US">System. Runtime. Serialization. Formatters.Binary</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">命名空间。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">使用</span><span lang="EN-US">System.Xml.Serialization</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类可以进行的其他工作如下所示：</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">确定数据应是一个属性还是元素</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">指定命名空间</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">改变属性或元素名</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对象和</span><span lang="EN-US">XML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">文档之间的链接是给类加上注释的定制</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">属性，这些属性可以告诉串行化程序如何写入数据。</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET Framework</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中有一个工具</span><span lang="EN-US">xsd.exe</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，它可以帮助我们创建这些属性。</span><span lang="EN-US">xsd.exe</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">可以完成如下任务：</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">从</span><span lang="EN-US">XDR</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">模式文件中生成一个</span><span lang="EN-US">XML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">模式</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">从</span><span lang="EN-US">XML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">文件中生成</span><span lang="EN-US">XML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">模式</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: 0.2pt">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">从</span><span lang="EN-US">XDS</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">模式文件中生成</span><span lang="EN-US"> DataSet</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">生成运行库类，运行库类包含</span><span lang="EN-US">XmlSerialization</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的定制属性</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">从已经开发出来的类中生成</span><span lang="EN-US">XSD</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">限制在代码中创建的元素</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">确定生成代码的编程语言</span><span lang="EN-US">(C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</span><span lang="EN-US">VB.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">或</span><span lang="EN-US">JScript.NET)</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在编译好的程序集中创建类中的模式</span></p>
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