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30.1 管理文件系统
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C#高级编程（第3版）【全文连载】
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30.1 管理文件系统
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>本章将介绍如何在</span><span
lang=EN-US>C#</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>中执行读写文件和系统注册表的任务。本章的主要内容如下：</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>介绍目录结构，确定其中有哪些文件和文件夹，并介绍它们的属性。</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>移动、复制和删除文件和文件夹</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>读写文本文件</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>读写注册表键</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Microsoft</span><span style='font-family:
宋体'>提供了非常直观的对象模型，这些模型包括了所有这些领域。本章还将介绍如何使用</span><span lang=EN-US>.NET</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>基类执行上面的任务。对于文件系统操作，相关的类都在</span><span lang=EN-US>System.IO</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>命名空间中，而注册表操作由</span><span lang=EN-US>System.Win32</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>命名空间中的两个类来执行。</span></p>
<p class=a3 style='margin-top:8.15pt;FTEL:21.45pt'><span
style='font-family:黑体'>注意：</span></p>
<p class=a1 style='FTEL:8.15pt;FTEL:21.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>.NET</span><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>基类也包含</span><span lang=EN-US>System.Runtime.Serialization</span><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>命名空间中的许多类和接口，它们都与串行化有关。串行化是把一些数据</span><span
lang=EN-US>(</span><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>例如，文档的内容</span><span
lang=EN-US>)</span><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>转换为字节流并存储在某个地方的过程。本章不讨论这些类，而主要讨论可直接访问文件的类。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>注意，在修改文件或注册表项目时，安全性显得更为重要。第</span><span
lang=EN-US>14</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>章介绍了安全性的各个方面。但在本章中，仅假定有足够的访问权限运行修改文件或注册表项目的所有示例，如果在拥有管理权限的账户下运行，就是这种情况。</span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:11.4pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:11.4pt;margin-left:
0cm'><a FTEL="_Toc507815204"><span lang=EN-US>30.1 </span></a><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>管理文件系统</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><a FTEL=filesystems><span style='font-family:宋体'>图</span><span
lang=EN-US>30-1</span></a><span style='font-family:宋体'>中的类可以用于浏览文件系统和执行操作，例如移动、复制和删除文件。每个类的命名空间都显示在类名后面的括号中：</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>这些类的作用是：</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span lang=EN-US>System.MarshalByRefObject</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
letter-spacing:-1.0pt'>——</span><span style='letter-spacing:-1.0pt'> </span><span
lang=EN-US>.NET</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>类中用于远程操作的基对象类，允许在应用程序域之间调用数据。</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span lang=EN-US>FileSystemInfo</span><span style='font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:-1.0pt'>——</span><span
style='letter-spacing:-1.0pt'> </span><span style='font-family:宋体'>表示任何文件系统对象的基类。</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span lang=EN-US>FileInfo </span><span style='font-family:宋体'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>File</span><span style='font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:-1.0pt'>——</span><span
style='letter-spacing:-1.0pt'> </span><span style='font-family:宋体'>表示文件系统上的文件。</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span lang=EN-US>DirectoryInfo</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>Directory</span><span style='font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:-1.0pt'>——</span><span
style='letter-spacing:-1.0pt'> </span><span style='font-family:宋体'>表示文件系统上的文件夹。</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span lang=EN-US>Path</span><span style='font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:-1.0pt'>——</span><span
style='letter-spacing:-1.0pt'> </span><span style='font-family:宋体'>这个类包含的静态成员可以用于处理路径名。</span></p>
<p class=a3 style='margin-top:8.15pt;FTEL:21.45pt'><span
style='font-family:黑体'>注意：</span></p>
<p class=a1 style='FTEL:8.15pt;FTEL:21.85pt'><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;letter-spacing:.1pt'>在</span><span lang=EN-US
style='letter-spacing:.1pt'>Windows</span><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;
letter-spacing:.1pt'>上，包含文件并用于组织文件系统的对象称为文件夹。例如，在路径</span><span lang=EN-US
style='letter-spacing:.1pt'>C:\My Documents\ReadMe.txt</span><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;letter-spacing:.1pt'>中，</span><span lang=EN-US
style='letter-spacing:.1pt'>ReadMe.txt</span><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;
letter-spacing:.1pt'>是一个文件，</span><span lang=EN-US style='letter-spacing:.1pt'>My Documents</span><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;letter-spacing:.1pt'>是一个文件夹。文件夹是一个</span><span
lang=EN-US style='letter-spacing:.1pt'>Windows</span><span style='font-family:
楷体_GB2312;letter-spacing:.1pt'>专用的术语：在其他操作系统上，术语“目录”用于代替文件夹，</span><span
lang=EN-US style='letter-spacing:.1pt'>Microsoft</span><span style='font-family:
楷体_GB2312;letter-spacing:.1pt'>为了使</span><span lang=EN-US style='letter-spacing:
.1pt'>.NET</span><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;letter-spacing:.1pt'>具有平台无关性，对应的</span><span
lang=EN-US style='letter-spacing:.1pt'>.NET</span><span style='font-family:
楷体_GB2312;letter-spacing:.1pt'>基类都称为</span><span lang=EN-US style='letter-spacing:
.1pt'>Directory </span><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;letter-spacing:.1pt'>和</span><span
style='letter-spacing:.1pt'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='letter-spacing:.1pt'>DirectoryInfo</span><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;letter-spacing:.1pt'>。因为它有可能与</span><span
lang=EN-US style='letter-spacing:.1pt'>LDAP</span><span style='font-family:
楷体_GB2312;letter-spacing:.1pt'>目录</span><span lang=EN-US style='letter-spacing:
.1pt'>(</span><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;letter-spacing:.1pt'>详见第</span><span
lang=EN-US style='letter-spacing:.1pt'>24</span><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;
letter-spacing:.1pt'>章</span><span lang=EN-US style='letter-spacing:.1pt'>)</span><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;letter-spacing:.1pt'>混淆，而且本书与</span><span
lang=EN-US style='letter-spacing:.1pt'>Windows</span><span style='font-family:
楷体_GB2312;letter-spacing:.1pt'>有关，所以本章仍使用文件夹。</span></p>
<p align=center><span style='position:absolute;z-index:7;left:0px;margin-left:111px;
margin-top:7px;width:371px;height:268px'><img width=371 height=268
src="30/image001.gif"></span><span lang=EN-US><img width=369
height=255 src="30/image002.jpg"></span></p>
<p align=center style='FTEL:8.15pt'><span style='font-family:宋体'>图</span><span
lang=EN-US> 30-1</span></p>
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