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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">页面解决了</span><span lang="EN-US">World Wide Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">上的大部分通信问题。有了</span><span lang="EN-US">XML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，计算机就可以用一种独立于设备的格式，在</span><span lang="EN-US">Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">上彼此通信。将来，计算机可以使用</span><span lang="EN-US">Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和</span><span lang="EN-US">XML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">交流信息，而不是专用的格式，例如</span><span class="importantwords-PRODUCTION"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">EDI</span></span><span lang="EN-US"> (<span class="importantwords-PRODUCTION"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">Electronic Data Interchange</span></span>)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</span><span lang="EN-US">XML Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">服务是为面向</span><span lang="EN-US">Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的服务而设计的，即远程计算机彼此提供可以分析和重新格式化的动态信息，最后显示给用户。</span><span lang="EN-US">XML Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">服务是计算机给</span><span lang="EN-US">Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">上的其他计算机以</span><span lang="EN-US">XML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">格式显示信息的一种便利方式。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在技术上，</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">上的</span><span lang="EN-US">XML Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">服务是给请求的客户返回</span><span lang="EN-US">XML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">而不是</span><span lang="EN-US">HTML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的</span><span lang="EN-US">ASP.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">页面。这种页面有后台编码的</span><span lang="EN-US">DLL</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，它包含了派生自</span><span class="codeintext-PRODUCTION"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">WebService</span></span><span class="codeintext-PRODUCTION"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类的类。</span></span><span lang="EN-US">VS.NET IDE</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">提供的引擎简化了</span><span lang="EN-US">Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">服务的开发。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">公司选择使用</span><span lang="EN-US">XML Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">服务主要有两个原因。第一是因为它们依赖于</span><span lang="EN-US">HTTP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，而</span><span lang="EN-US">XML Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">服务可以把现有的网络用作传输信息的媒介。第二是因为</span><span lang="EN-US">XML Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">服务使用</span><span lang="EN-US">XML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，该数据格式是自我描述的、非专用的、独立于平台的。</span></p>
<h3 style="MARGIN: 8.15pt 0cm"><span lang="EN-US">1.6.2</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">创建</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">窗体</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和</span><span lang="EN-US"> .NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">非常适合于</span><span lang="EN-US">Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">开发，它们还为所谓的&ldquo;胖客户端&rdquo;应用程序提供了极好的支持，这种&ldquo;胖客户端&rdquo;应用程序必须安装在处理大多数操作的最终用户的机器上，这种支持来源于</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">窗体。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">窗体是</span><span lang="EN-US">VB6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">窗体的</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">版本，要设计一个图形化的窗口界面，只需把控件从工具箱拖放到</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">窗体上即可。要确定窗口的行为，应为该窗体的控件编写事件处理例程。</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows Form</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">项目编译为</span><span lang="EN-US">.EXE</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，该</span><span lang="EN-US">EXE</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">必须与</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">运行库一起安装在最终用户的计算机上。与其他</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">项目类型一样，</span><span lang="EN-US">VB.NET </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和</span><span lang="EN-US"> C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">都支持</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows Form</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">项目。第</span><span lang="EN-US">7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">章将详细介绍</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">窗体。</span></p>
<h4 style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">控件</span></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="BACKGROUND: aqua"></span><span lang="EN-US">Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">窗体和</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">窗体的开发方式一样，但应为它们添加不同类型的控件。</span><span lang="EN-US">Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">窗体使用</span><span lang="EN-US">Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">控件，</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">窗体使用</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">控件。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">控件比较类似于</span><span lang="EN-US">ActiveX</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">控件。在执行</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">控件后，它会编译为必须安装到客户机器上的</span><span lang="EN-US">DLL</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。实际上，</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET SDK</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">提供了一个实用程序，为</span><span lang="EN-US">ActiveX</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">控件创建包装器，以便把它们放在</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">窗体上。与</span><span lang="EN-US">Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">控件一样，</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">控件的创建需要派生于特定的类</span><span class="codeintext-PRODUCTION"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">System.Windows.Forms.Control</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</span></p>
<h3 style="MARGIN: 8.15pt 0cm"><span lang="EN-US">1.6.3</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp; Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">服务</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="BACKGROUND: aqua"></span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">服务</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">最初称为</span><span lang="EN-US">NT</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">服务</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">是一个在</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 (</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">但没有</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows 9x)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">后台运行的程序。当希望程序连续运行，响应事件，但没有用户的明确启动操作时，就应使用</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">服务。例如</span><span lang="EN-US">Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">服务器上的</span><span lang="EN-US">World Wide Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">服务，它们监听来自客户的</span><span lang="EN-US">Web&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">请求。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">编写服务是非常简单的。</span><span class="codeintext-PRODUCTION"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">System.ServiceProcess</span></span><span class="codeintext-PRODUCTION"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">命名空间中的</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">.NET Framework</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">基类可以处理许多与服务相关的样本任务，另外，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">Visual Studio .NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">允许创建</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">C# Windows Service</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">项目，为基本</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">服务编写</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">Framework C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">源代码。第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">32</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">章将详细介绍如何编写</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">C# Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">服务。</span></p></div>
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