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17.4 ASP.NET应用程序的国际化和本地化
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17.4 ASP.NET应用程序的国际化和本地化
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165501.htm'>17.3.3 使用二进制资源文件</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165502.htm'>17.3.4 使用XML资源文件</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165503.htm'>17.3.5 资源的自动回退</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165505.htm'>17.5 定制的资源读取器</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165506.htm'>17.5.1 创建DatabaseResourceReader类</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165507.htm'>17.5.2 创建DatabaseResourceSet类</a></div></div>
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<div id="text"> <link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><h3 style="MARGIN-TOP: 11.4pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 11.4pt"><span lang="EN-US">17.4 ASP.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">应用程序的国际化和本地化</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><span lang="EN-US">ASP.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">应用程序的本地化与</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">应用程序的本地化类似。第</span><span lang="EN-US">25</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">章将讨论</span><span lang="EN-US">ASP.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">应用程序的功能，本节只讨论</span><span lang="EN-US">ASP.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">应用程序的本地化问题。</span><span lang="EN-US">Visual Studio .NET 2003</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">没有为</span><span lang="EN-US">ASP.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">应用程序提供像</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">窗体应用程序那样的支持，但是，对</span><span lang="EN-US">ASP.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">应用程序进行国际化和本地化并不难。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">使用</span><span lang="EN-US">.ASPX</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">文件，可以给整个</span><span lang="EN-US">Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">站点或特定的页面指定文化设置。在配置文件</span><span lang="EN-US">web.config</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中配置</span><span lang="EN-US">Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">站点的文化设置，可以使之独立于已安装的操作系统。文化可以用</span><span lang="EN-US"><globalization></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">元素配置，如下面的</span><span lang="EN-US">XML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">片段所示。</span><span lang="EN-US">XML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">属性</span><span lang="EN-US">culture</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">定义了用于格式化的线程的当前文化，</span><span lang="EN-US">uiCulture</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">定义了由资源管理器使用的文化：</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"><configuration></span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> <system.web></span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> <globalization culture = "en-US" uiCulture= "en-US" /></span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> </system.web></span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"></configuration></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">如果不同文化的用户要访问不同的页面，就可以在</span><span lang="EN-US">ASPX</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">文件的第一行用页面指令配置文化格式和语言输出：</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"><%Page Language="C#" Culture = "en-US" UICulture= "en-US" %></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">如果要使</span><span lang="EN-US">Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">页面的文化设置依赖于用户的浏览器设置，就可以使用</span><span lang="EN-US">Thread</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类的</span><span lang="EN-US">CurrentCulture</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和</span><span lang="EN-US">CurrentUICulture</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">属性来指定线程的文化设置。最好在文件</span><span lang="EN-US">global.asax</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中进行这些设置，在该文件中，要对页面的每个请求调用方法</span><span lang="EN-US">Application_BeginRequest()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。在调用这个方法时，处理用户请求的线程是已知的，这个线程会遍历所有的页面，以处理用户的请求。</span><span lang="EN-US">Request.UserLanguages</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">返回用户为浏览器配置的一个语言设置数组。这里使用列表中的第一种语言，并把它传送给静态方法</span><span lang="EN-US">CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。如果配置的文化是</span><span lang="EN-US">German(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">德语</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，</span><span lang="EN-US">Internet Explorer</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">就发送字符串</span><span lang="EN-US">de</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。因为字符串</span><span lang="EN-US">de</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">表示一个中立的文化，而不是特定的文化，但不允许为线程的文化设置中立文化，所以必须用这个方法创建一个特定的文化。如果传送了一个中立的文化，</span><span lang="EN-US">CreateSpecificCulture()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">就返回默认的特定文化，</span><span lang="EN-US">de</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的默认特定文化是</span><span lang="EN-US">de-DE</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。使用浏览器还可以配置定制的语言设置。如果获取的字符串不是被支持的文化，就要创建一个默认文化</span><span lang="EN-US">en-US</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，在异常处理块中对其进行处理。</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">protected void Application_BeginRequest(Object sender, EventArgs e)</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">{</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> CultureInfo ci=null;</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> try</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> {</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> ci= CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture(Request.UserLanguages[0]);</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> }</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> catch</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> {</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> //default for bad user setting</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> ci = new CultureInfo("en-US");</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> }</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = ci;</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = ci;</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">}</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">除了这些问题之外，</span><span lang="EN-US">ASP.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">应用程序与</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">应用程序在本地化方面没有区别。可以像本章前面那样，将格式化和辅助程序集用作资源。</span></p></div>
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