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16.6.3 类、接口和Soapsuds
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16.6.3 类、接口和Soapsuds
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165479.htm'>16.6.1 配置文件(1)</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165480.htm'>16.6.1 配置文件(2)</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165481.htm'>16.6.2 驻留应用程序</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165483.htm'>16.6.4 异步远程调用</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165484.htm'>16.6.5 远程调用和事件</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165485.htm'>16.6.6 调用环境</a></div></div>
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<div id="text"> <link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><h3 style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 8.15pt"><a ftel="_Toc507815564"><span lang="EN-US">16.6.3 </span></a><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">类、接口和</span><span lang="EN-US">Soapsuds</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">迄今为止，在所有的</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET Remoting</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">示例中，总是把远程对象的程序集复制到服务器和客户机应用程序中。这样远程对象的</span><span lang="EN-US">MSIL</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">代码就在客户机和服务器系统中了，但在客户机应用程序中，只需要元数据。然而，复制远程对象的程序集表示客户机和服务器应用程序是不能独立编程的。为了只使用元数据，可以使用接口或实用程序</span><span lang="EN-US">Soapsuds.exe</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</span></p>
<h4 style="FTEL: 21.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">1. </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">接口</span></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">使用接口可以把客户机代码和服务器代码完全分离开。接口只定义没有执行代码的方法。这样，契约</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">接口</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和执行代码就完全分开了。而客户系统只需要契约。使用接口时必须按照下面的步骤进行：</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">定义一个接口，把它放到一个独立的程序集中。</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在远程对象类中实现这个接口。为此，必须引用接口的程序集。</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在服务器端不需要进行改动，可以按照通常的方式配置服务器和对服务器进行编程。</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在客户端，引用接口的程序集，而不引用远程类的程序集。</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">现在，客户可以使用远程对象的接口而不是远程对象类。像以前创建对象那样，可以使用</span><span lang="EN-US">Activator</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类创建对象。由于接口本身不能实例化，因此不能使用运算符</span><span lang="EN-US">new</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">由于接口定义了客户机和服务器之间的合同，因此客户应用程序和服务器应用程序就可以独立开发了。此外，即使坚持旧的</span><span lang="EN-US">COM</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">规则</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">即接口不应该改动</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，也不会出现任何版本问题。</span></p>
<h4 style="FTEL: 21.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">2. Soapsuds</span></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">如果使用</span><span lang="EN-US">HTTP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">信道和</span><span lang="EN-US">SOAP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">格式标识符，就可以使用实用程序</span><span lang="EN-US">Soapsuds</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">从程序集中获取元数据。</span><span lang="EN-US">Soapsuds</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">可以把程序集转化为</span><span lang="EN-US">XML Schemas</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、把</span><span lang="EN-US">XML Schemas</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">转化为包装类，以及进行其他方向的转化。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">下面的命令行把类型</span><span lang="EN-US">Hello</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">从程序集</span><span lang="EN-US">RemoteHello</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">转化为程序集</span><span lang="EN-US">HelloWrapper</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，在转化过程中将生成调用远程对象的透明代理对象：</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">soapsuds –types:Wrox.ProCSharp.Remoting.Hello,RemoteHello –oa:HelloWrapper.dll</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">如果使用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">HTTP</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">信道和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">SOAP</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">格式</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">标识<span style="COLOR: black">符，也可以直接使用</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">Soapsuds</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">从正在运行的服务器中获取类型信息：</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">soapsuds –url:http://localhost:6792/hello/hi?wsdl –oa:HelloWrapper.dll</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">现在，可以在客户机中引用由</span><span lang="EN-US">Soapsuds</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">生成的程序集，而不是引用源程序集。表</span><span lang="EN-US">16-2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中列出了</span><span lang="EN-US">Soapsuds</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">命令的一些选项。</span></p>
<p class="a5" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black"> 16-2</span></p>
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<p class="a2"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">选</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black"> </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">项</span></p>
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<p class="a2"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">描</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black"> </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">述</span></p>
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<p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">-url</span></p>
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<p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">从指定的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">URL</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中检索模式</span></p>
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