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13.3 跨语言支持
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13.3 跨语言支持
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2006-10-13 14:41:00
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165399.htm'>13.2.3 私有程序集和共享程序集</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165400.htm'>13.2.4 查看程序集</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165401.htm'>13.2.5 构建程序集</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165403.htm'>13.3.1 CTS和CLS</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165404.htm'>13.3.2 语言无关性(1)</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165405.htm'>13.3.2 语言无关性(2)</a></div></div>
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<div id="text"> <link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><h3 style="MARGIN-TOP: 9.8pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 8.15pt"><a ftel="_Toc507815125"><span lang="ES">13.3 </span></a><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">跨语言支持</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt"><span lang="EN-US">COM</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的一个最重要的特性是支持多种语言。可以用</span><span lang="EN-US">Visual Basic</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">创建</span><span lang="EN-US">COM</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">组件，在脚本客户机中使用它，例如</span><span lang="EN-US">JavaScript</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。另一方面，也可以使用</span><span lang="EN-US">C++</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">创建</span><span lang="EN-US">Visual Basic</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">程序不能使用的</span><span lang="EN-US">COM</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">组件。脚本客户机与</span><span lang="EN-US">VB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">客户机有不同的要求。</span><span lang="EN-US">C++</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">客户机可以使用比其他客户机语言更多的</span><span lang="EN-US">COM</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">特性。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在编写</span><span lang="EN-US">COM</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">组件时，总是需要考虑客户机编程语言。必须为特定的客户机语言或一组客户机语言开发服务器程序。如果为一个脚本客户机设计</span><span lang="EN-US">COM</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">组件，这个组件也可以在</span><span lang="EN-US">C++</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中使用，但</span><span lang="EN-US">C++</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">客户机有一些缺点。在支持不同的客户机时，必须遵循许多规则。编译器不能帮助</span><span lang="EN-US">COM</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">：</span><span lang="EN-US">COM</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">开发人员必须知道客户机语言的要求，因此必须创建相应的接口。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt"><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">平台是如何处理的？</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">使用通用类型系统</span><span lang="EN-US">(Common Type System</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，</span><span lang="EN-US">CTS)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">定义了如何在</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">语言中定义值类型和引用类型，以及这些类型的内存布局如何。但</span><span lang="EN-US">CTS</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">没有确保在任何语言中定义的类型都可以用于其他语言。这应是公共语言规范</span><span lang="EN-US">(Common Language Specification</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，</span><span lang="EN-US">CLS)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的任务。</span><span lang="EN-US">CLS</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">定义了</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">语言必须支持的类型最低要求。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">本节将深入讨论如下内容：</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">CTS</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和</span><span lang="EN-US">CLS</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">通过创建互相派生的</span><span lang="EN-US">C++</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</span><span lang="EN-US"> Visual Basic .NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类，来说明语言独立性。我们将讨论通过这些编译器生成的</span><span lang="EN-US">MSIL</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">代码。</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">CLS</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的要求</span></p></div>
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165399.htm'>13.2.3 私有程序集和共享程序集</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165400.htm'>13.2.4 查看程序集</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165401.htm'>13.2.5 构建程序集</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165403.htm'>13.3.1 CTS和CLS</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165404.htm'>13.3.2 语言无关性(1)</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165405.htm'>13.3.2 语言无关性(2)</a></div></div>
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