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17.1.4 排序
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17.1.4 排序
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2006-10-13 14:41:00
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165488.htm'>17.1.1 Unicode问题</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165489.htm'>17.1.2 文化和区域</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165490.htm'>17.1.3 使用文化</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165492.htm'>17.2 资源</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165493.htm'>17.2.1 创建资源文件</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165494.htm'>17.2.2 ResGen</a></div></div>
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<div id="text"> <link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><h3 style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 8.15pt"><span lang="EN-US">17.1.4 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">排序</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">排序字符串取决于文化。一些文化有不同的排列顺序。例如在芬兰，字符</span><span lang="EN-US">V</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和</span><span lang="EN-US">W</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">就是相同的。在默认情况下，为排序而比较字符串的算法使用与文化相关的排序方式，即排序依赖于文化。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">为了演示芬兰的排序方式，下面创建一个控制台应用程序小示例，对数组中尚未排序的美国州名进行排序。我们将使用</span><span lang="EN-US">System.Collections</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</span><span lang="EN-US">System.Threading</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和</span><span lang="EN-US">System.Globalization</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">命名空间中的类，所以必须声明这些命名空间。下面的方法</span><span lang="EN-US">DisplayName()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">用于在控制台上显示数组或集合中的所有元素：</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">static void DisplayName(IEnumerable e)</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">{</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> foreach (string s in e)</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> Console.Write(s + " – ");</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> Console.WriteLine();</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">}</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在</span><span lang="EN-US">Main()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">方法中，在创建了包含一些美国州名的数组后，就把线程属性</span><span lang="EN-US">CurrentCulture</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">设置为</span><span lang="EN-US">Finnish</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">文化，这样，下面的</span><span lang="EN-US">Array.Sort()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">方法就使用芬兰的排列顺序。调用方法</span><span lang="EN-US">DisplayName()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在控制台上显示所有的州名：</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">static void Main(string[] args)</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">{</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> string[] names = {"Alabama", "Texas", "Washington",</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> "Virginia", "Wisconsin", "Wyoming",</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> "Kentucky", "Missouri", "Utah", "Hawaii",</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> "Kansas", "Lousiana", "Alaska", "Arizona"};</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new CurrentInfo("fi-FI");</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> Array.Sort(names);</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 32.25pt"><span lang="EN-US">Console.WriteLine("\nsorted…");</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 32.25pt"><span lang="EN-US">DisplayName(names);</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在以芬兰排列顺序第一次显示美国州名后，数组将再次排序。如果希望排序独立于用户的文化，就可以使用不变的文化。在已排序的数组要发送到服务器上，或存储到某个地方时，就可以采用这种方式。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">为此，给</span><span lang="EN-US">Array.Sort()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">方法传送第二个参数。</span><span lang="EN-US">Sort()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">方法希望第二个参数是实现</span><span lang="EN-US">IComparer</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的一个对象。</span><span lang="EN-US">System.Collections</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">命名空间中的</span><span lang="EN-US">Comparer</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类实现</span><span lang="EN-US">IComparer</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">接口。</span><span lang="EN-US">Comparer.DefaultInvariant</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">返回一个</span><span lang="EN-US">Comparer</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对象，该对象使用不变的文化比较数组值，以进行独立于文化的排序。</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 32.25pt"><span lang="EN-US"> //sort using the invariant culture</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 32.25pt"><span lang="EN-US"> Array.Sort(names, Comparer.DefaultInvariant);</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 32.25pt"><span lang="EN-US"> Console.WriteLine("\nsorted with invariant culture…");</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 46.2pt"><span lang="EN-US">DisplayNames(names);</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 32.25pt"><span lang="EN-US">}</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">图</span><span lang="EN-US">17-8</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">显示了这个程序的输出：用</span><span lang="EN-US">Finnish</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">文化进行排序的结果和独立于文件的排序结果。从这个排序结果可以看出，</span><span lang="EN-US">Washington</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">排在</span><span lang="EN-US">Virginia</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的前面。</span></p>
<p align="center"><span lang="EN-US"><img height="79" src="17/image008.jpg" width="314" alt="" /></span></p>
<p style="FTEL: 8.15pt" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">图</span><span lang="EN-US"> 17-8</span></p>
<p class="a3" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; FTEL: 21.45pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">提示：</span></p>
<p class="a1" style="FTEL: 21.45pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">如果对集合进行排序应独立于文化，该集合就必须用不变的文化进行排序。在把排序结果发送给服务器或存储在文件中时，这种方式尤其有效。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">除了依赖地域的格式化和测量系统之外，依赖文化字符串的还有不同的数值或依赖地域的图片。此时就需要使用资源了。</span></p></div>
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