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19.1 创建Windows窗体应用程序
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C#高级编程（第3版）【全文连载】
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19.1 创建Windows窗体应用程序
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2006-10-13 14:41:00
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<h1 id="divCurrentNode" style="color: #b83507; width: 100%; text-align: left; font-size: 12px; padding-left: 2px">当前章节:<a href='100165526.htm'><font color='red'>19.1 创建Windows窗体应用程序</font></a></h1>
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165523.htm'>18.5.2 创建安装程序</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165524.htm'>18.5.3 高级选项</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165525.htm'>18.6 小结</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165527.htm'>19.2 Control类</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165528.htm'>19.2.1 大小和位置</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165529.htm'>19.2.2 外观</a></div></div>
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<div id="text"> <link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 17.5pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">基于</span><span lang="EN-US">Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的应用程序在过去几年非常流行。从管理员的角度来看，把所有的应用程序逻辑放在一个中央服务器上是非常吸引人的。但部署基于客户的软件会非常困难，特别是部署基于</span><span lang="EN-US">COM</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的客户软件。基于</span><span lang="EN-US">Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的应用程序的缺点是它们不能提供丰富的用户体验。</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET Framework</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">允许开发人员创建丰富、智能的客户应用程序，而且不再有部署问题和以前的</span><span lang="EN-US">DLL Hell</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">提供的新部署服务以及组成</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">窗体的</span><span lang="EN-US">System.Windows.Forms</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和</span><span lang="EN-US">System. Windows.Forms.Design</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">命名空间，将使客户应用程序重新流行起来。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 17.5pt"><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">窗体已经对</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">开发产生了影响。当应用程序处于初始设计阶段时，是建立基于</span><span lang="EN-US">Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的应用程序还是建立客户应用程序已经很难抉择了。</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">客户应用程序开发起来非常快速和高效，它们可以为用户提供丰富的体验。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 17.5pt"><span lang="EN-US">Visual Basic</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">开发人员对</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">窗体应比较熟悉。创建新窗体</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">也称为窗口或对话框</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">也采用把控件从工具箱拖放到窗体设计器上的方式。但是，如果您在创建消息泵和监视消息时使用的是</span><span lang="EN-US">C</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">样式的传统</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">编程，或者您是一位</span><span lang="EN-US">MFC</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">程序员，就会发现现在可以获得需要的低级内部功能了。现在可以重写</span><span lang="EN-US">wndproc</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，捕获这些消息，但常常并不是真需要它们。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 17.5pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">本章将主要介绍</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">窗体的如下方面：</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Form</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">窗体的类层次结构</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">System.Windows.Forms</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">命名空间中的控件和组件</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">菜单和工具栏</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">创建控件</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; FTEL: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">创建用户控件</span></p>
<h3 style="MARGIN-TOP: 11.4pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 11.4pt"><span lang="EN-US">19.1 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">创建</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">窗体应用程序</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 17.5pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">首先需要创建一个</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">窗体应用程序。下面的示例创建了一个空白窗体，并把它显示在屏幕上。这个示例没有使用</span><span lang="EN-US">Visual Studio .NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，而是在文本编辑器中输入代码，使用命令行编译器进行编译。下面是代码清单：</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">using System;</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">using System.Windows.Forms;</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">namespace NotepadForms</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">{</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> public calss MyForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> {</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> public MyForm()</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> {</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> }</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> [STAThread]</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> static void Main()</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> {</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> Application.Run(new MyForm());</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> }</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> }</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">}</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 17.5pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在编译和运行这个示例时，会得到一个没有标题的小空白窗体。该窗体没有什么实际功能，但它却是一个</span><span lang="EN-US">Windows</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">窗体。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 17.5pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">代码中有两个地方需要注意。第一个是使用继承功能来创建</span><span lang="EN-US">MyForm</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类。下面的代码声明</span><span lang="EN-US">MyForm</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">派生于</span><span lang="EN-US">System.Windows.Forms</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> public calss MyForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 17.5pt"><span lang="EN-US">Form</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类是</span><span lang="EN-US">System.Windows.Forms</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">命名空间的一个主要类。代码的其他部分如下：</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> [STAThread]</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> static void Main()</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> {</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> Application.Run(new MyForm());</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> }</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 17.5pt"><span lang="EN-US">Main</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">是</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">客户应用程序的默认入口。一般在大型应用程序中，</span><span lang="EN-US">Main()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">方法不位于窗体中，而是位于类中，它负责进行需要完成的启动处理。在本例中，我们在项目属性对话框中设置启动的类名。注意属性</span><span lang="EN-US">[STAThead]</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，它把</span><span lang="EN-US">COM</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">线程模型设置为单线程单元</span><span lang="EN-US">(Sinle-Threaded Apartment, STA)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 17.5pt"><span lang="EN-US">Application.Run()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">方法负责启动标准的应用程序消息循环。它有</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">个重载版本：第一个重载版本不带参数，第二个重载版本把</span><span lang="EN-US">ApplicationContext</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对象作为其参数，本例中的第三个重载版本把窗体对象作为其参数。在这个示例中，</span><span lang="EN-US">MyForm</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对象是应用程序的主窗体，这表示在关闭这个窗体时，应用程序就结束了。使用</span><span lang="EN-US">ApplicationContext</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类，可以对主消息循环何时结束和应用程序何时退出有更多的控制权。</span></p>
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