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16.5.4 对象的激活
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16.5.4 对象的激活
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<h1 id="divCurrentNode" style="color: #b83507; width: 100%; text-align: left; font-size: 12px; padding-left: 2px">当前章节:<a href='100165474.htm'><font color='red'>16.5.4 对象的激活</font></a></h1>
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165471.htm'>16.5.1 信道</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165472.htm'>16.5.2 格式标识符</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165473.htm'>16.5.3 ChannelServices和RemotingConfiguration</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165475.htm'>16.5.5 消息接收器</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165476.htm'>16.5.6 在远程方法中传递对象</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165477.htm'>16.5.7 生存期管理</a></div></div>
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<div id="text"> <link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><h3 style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 8.15pt"><a ftel="_Toc507815558"><span lang="EN-US">16.5.4 </span></a><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">对象的激活</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">客户<span style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">可以使用和创建远程</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">Activator</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">类。使用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">GetObject()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">方法，可以得到服务器激活的远程对象或知名的远程对象的代理对象。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">CreateInstance()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt">方法返回客户激活的远程对象的代理对象。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">运算符</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">new</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">可以代替</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">Activator</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类去激活远程对象。为此，还必须使用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">RemotingConfiguration</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类在客户机中配置远程对象。</span></p>
<h4 style="FTEL: 21.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">1. </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">应用程序的</span><span lang="EN-US">URL</span></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在激活对象时，必须指定远程对象的</span><span lang="EN-US">URL</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。这个</span><span lang="EN-US">URL</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">与使用</span><span lang="EN-US">Web</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">浏览器进行浏览时所使用的</span><span lang="EN-US">URL</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">相同。第一部分指定协议、服务器名称或</span><span lang="EN-US">IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">地址、端口号和</span><span lang="EN-US">URI</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，其中</span><span lang="EN-US">URI</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">是在服务器中以下面的格式注册远程对象时指定的：</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">protocol://server:port/URI</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">下面的代码连续使用了两个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">URL</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">示例。指定的协议是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">HTTP</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">TCP</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，服务器名称是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">localhost</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，端口号是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">8085</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">8086</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">URI</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">Hi</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">：</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; BACKGROUND: #f2f2f2; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">http://localhost:8085/Hi</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; BACKGROUND: #f2f2f2; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black">tcp://localhost:8086/Hi</span></p>
<h4 style="FTEL: 21.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">2. </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">激活知名的对象</span></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在前面的简单客户机例子中，激活了知名的对象。下面详细讨论一下激活顺序：</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">using System;</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">using System.Runtime.Remoting;</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels;</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.Tcp;</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">// ...</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">TcpClientChannel channel = new TcpClientChannel();</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(channel);</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">Hello obj = (Hello)Activator.GetObject(typeof(Hello), </span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> "tcp://localhost:8086/Hi");</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">GetObject()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">是</span><span lang="EN-US">System.Activator</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的一个静态方法，</span><span lang="EN-US">System.Activator</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">调用</span><span lang="EN-US">Remoting Services.Connect()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">以返回远程对象的代理对象。</span><span lang="EN-US">GetObject()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">方法的第一个参数指定远程对象的类型。代理对象执行所有公有的和受保护的方法和属性，所以客户可以像在真实的对象上那样调用这些方法。第二个参数是远程对象的</span><span lang="EN-US">URL</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。这里使用的是字符串</span><span lang="EN-US">tcp://localhost:8086 /Hello</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，其中</span><span lang="EN-US">tcp</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">是协议，</span><span lang="EN-US">localhost:8086</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">是主机名和端口号，最后的</span><span lang="EN-US">Hi</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">是对象的</span><span lang="EN-US">URI</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，其中对象是使用</span><span lang="EN-US">RemotingConfiguration.RegisterWellKnownServiceType()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">指定的。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">也可以直接使用</span><span lang="EN-US">RemotingServices.Connect()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，而不使用</span><span lang="EN-US">Activator.GetObject()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">：</span></p>
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