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1.1 C#与.NET的关系
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C#高级编程（第3版）【全文连载】
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1.1 C#与.NET的关系
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2006-8-17 16:57:00
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<div id="text"> <link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">我们不能孤立地使用</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">语言，而必须和</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET Framework</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">一起考虑。</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">编译器专门用于</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，这表示用</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">编写的所有代码总是在</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET Framework</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中运行。对于</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">语言来说，可以得出两个重要的结论：</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的结构和方法论反映了</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">基础方法论。</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在许多情况下，</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的特定语言功能取决于</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的功能，或依赖于</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">基类。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">由于这种依赖性，在开始使用</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">编程前，了解</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的结构和方法论就非常重要了，这就是本章的目的。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">本章首先介绍</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">如何处理所有的代码</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">包括</span><span lang="EN-US">C#)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，了解在</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">编译和运行代码时通常会出现什么情况。对这些内容进行概述之后，就要详细阐述</span><span lang="EN-US">Microsoft</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中间语言</span><span lang="EN-US">(Microsoft Intermediate Language</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，</span><span lang="EN-US">MSIL</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">或简称为</span><span lang="EN-US">IL)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，所有编译好的代码都要使用这种语言。本章特别要介绍</span><span lang="EN-US">IL</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、通用类型系统</span><span lang="EN-US">(Common Type System</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，</span><span lang="EN-US">CTS)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">及公共语言规范</span><span lang="EN-US">(Common Language Specification</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，</span><span lang="EN-US">CLS)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">如何提供语言之间的互操作性。最后解释各种语言如何使用</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，包括</span><span lang="EN-US">VB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和</span><span lang="EN-US">C++</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">之后，我们将介绍</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的其他特性，包括程序集、命名空间和</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">基类。最后本章简要探讨一下</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">开发人员可以创建的应用程序类型。</span></p>
<h2 style="MARGIN: 8.15pt 0cm"><span lang="EN-US">1.1 C</span><span lang="EN-US">#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">与</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">的关系</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt"><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">是一种相当新的编程语言，</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的重要性体现在以下两个方面：</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">它是专门为与</span><span lang="EN-US">Microsoft</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET Framework</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">一起使用而设计的。</span></p>
<p class="1" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 37.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -16.1pt"><span lang="EN-US">●<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">它是一种基于现代面向对象设计方法的语言，在设计它时，</span><span lang="EN-US">Microsoft</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">还吸取了其他类似语言的经验，这些语言是近</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">年来面向对象规则得到广泛应用后才开发出来的。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">有一个很重要的问题要弄明白：</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">就其本身而言只是一种语言，尽管它是用于生成面向</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">环境的代码，但它本身不是</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的一部分。</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">支持的一些特性，</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">并不支持。而</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">语言支持的另一些特性，</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">却不支持</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">例如运算符重载</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">！</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">但是，因为</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">语言是和</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">一起使用的，所以如果要使用</span><span lang="EN-US">C#</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">高效地开发应用程序，理解</span><span lang="EN-US">Framework</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">就非常重要，所以本章将介绍</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的内涵。</span></p></div>
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