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25.2 ASP.NET Web窗体(1)
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C#高级编程（第3版）
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25.2 ASP.NET Web窗体(1)
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<link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <h3 style='margin-top:11.4pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:11.4pt;margin-left:
0cm'><a FTEL="_Toc507815268"></a><a FTEL="_Toc507815248"><span lang=EN-US>25.2 ASP.NET
Web</span></a><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>窗体</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><a FTEL=webforms></a><a FTEL=script><span style='font-family:
宋体'>如前所述，</span><span lang=EN-US>ASP.NET</span></a><span style='font-family:
宋体'>中的许多功能是使用</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>窗体实现的。稍后我们将创建一个简单的</span><span
lang=EN-US>Web</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>窗体，深入介绍这种技术。但这里先简要介绍</span><span
lang=EN-US>Web</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>窗体的设计。注意许多</span><span
lang=EN-US>ASP.NET</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>开发人员仅使用文本编辑器</span><span
lang=EN-US>(</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>例如</span><span lang=EN-US>Notepad)</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>创建文件。这可以把所有代码都组合到一个文件中。把代码括在</span><span lang=EN-US><script></span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>标记中，在起始</span><span lang=EN-US><script></span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>标记中使用两个属性，如下所示：</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:0cm;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:.0001pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span
lang=EN-US><script language="c#" runat="server"></span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
// Server-side code goes here.</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:8.15pt;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US></script></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>这里的</span><span lang=EN-US>runat="server"</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>属性是很重要的，因为它指示</span><span lang=EN-US>ASP.NET</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>引擎在服务器上执行这段代码，而不是把它传送给客户，因此可以访问前面讨论的环境。我们可以在服务器端脚本块中放置函数、事件处理程序等。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>如果省略</span><span lang=EN-US>runat="server"</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>属性，就可以有效地提供客户端代码，如果使用本章后面要介绍的服务器端编码方式，就会失败。但是，在许多情况下，我们都要提供客户端代码</span><span
lang=EN-US>(</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>的确，</span><span lang=EN-US>ASP.NET</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>有时会生成它自己，这取决于浏览器的功能和所使用的</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>窗体代码</span><span lang=EN-US>)</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>。但这里不能使用</span><span lang=EN-US>C#</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，因为客户端需要安装</span><span lang=EN-US>.NET Framework</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，这并不是经常的事，所以</span><span lang=EN-US>JScript</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>可能是最好的选择，因为许多客户浏览器都支持它。要改变语言，只需修改</span><span
lang=EN-US>language</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>属性的值，如下所示：</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:0cm;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:.0001pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span
lang=EN-US><script language="jscript"></span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
// Client-side code goes here; we can also use "vbscript".</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:8.15pt;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US></script></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>可以在</span><span lang=EN-US>Visual
Studio .NET</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>中创建</span><span lang=EN-US>ASP.NET</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>文件。这是非常重要的，因为我们已经熟悉了在这个环境中进行</span><span lang=EN-US>C#</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>编程。在这个环境中，</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>应用程序的默认项目设置提供了一种比单个</span><span lang=EN-US>.aspx</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>文件略微复杂的结构，使得事情更富于逻辑。据此，本章将使用</span><span lang=EN-US>Visual
Studio .NET</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>进行</span><span lang=EN-US>ASP.NET</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>编程</span><span lang=EN-US>(</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>而不是</span><span lang=EN-US>Notepad)</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>.aspx</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>文件也可以包含括</span><span
lang=EN-US><%</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>%></span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>标记中的代码块。但是，函数定义和变量声明不能放在这里。可以插入代码，当执行到块时就执行这些代码。当输出简单的</span><span
lang=EN-US>HTML</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>内容时，这是很有效的。这种方式类似于旧风格的</span><span
lang=EN-US>ASP</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>页面，但有一个重要的区别：代码是已经编译好的，不是解释性的。这样，性能会好得多。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>下面举一个示例。创建一个类型为</span><span
lang=EN-US>ASP.NET Web Application</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>的新项目</span><span
lang=EN-US>PCSWebApp1</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>，如图</span><span
lang=EN-US>25-2</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>所示。</span></p>
<p align=center><span lang=EN-US><img width=341 height=191
src="25/image003.jpg"></span></p>
<p align=center style='FTEL:8.15pt'><span style='font-family:宋体'>图</span><span
lang=EN-US> 25-2</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>在默认情况下，</span><span lang=EN-US>VS.NET</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>使用</span><span lang=EN-US>FrontPage</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>扩展在指定位置安装</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>应用程序，如果</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务器在另一台机器上，该位置应在远程服务器上。还有另一个方法可以完成这一任务</span><span
lang=EN-US>(</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>略微快一些</span><span lang=EN-US>)</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，即在</span><span lang=EN-US>LAN</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>上使用文件系统</span><span lang=EN-US>(</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>当然，远程</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务器与开发服务器必须在相同的</span><span lang=EN-US>LAN</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>上</span><span lang=EN-US>)</span><span style='font-family:
宋体'>。如果第一个方法失败，</span><span lang=EN-US>VS.NET</span><span style='font-family:
宋体'>就会试用第二个方法。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>无论使用哪个方法，</span><span
lang=EN-US>VS.NET</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>都把所有项目文件在本地进行了高速缓存，并使它们与</span><span
lang=EN-US>Web</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>服务器上的文件同步。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>稍后，</span><span lang=EN-US>Visual
Studio .NET</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>应建立如下内容：</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>新的解决方案</span><span lang=EN-US>PCSWebApp1</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，包含</span><span lang=EN-US>C# Web </span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>应用程序</span><span lang=EN-US>PCSWebApp1</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span
lang=EN-US>AssemblyInfo.cs</span><span style='font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:
-1.0pt'>——</span><span style='letter-spacing:-1.0pt'> </span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>描述程序集的标准</span><span lang=EN-US>Visual Studio .NET</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>文件</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span
lang=EN-US>Global.asax</span><span style='font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:-1.0pt'>——</span><span
style='letter-spacing:-1.0pt'> </span><span style='font-family:宋体'>应用程序的全局信息和事件</span><span
lang=EN-US>(</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>参见本章后面的内容</span><span
lang=EN-US>)</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span
lang=EN-US>Web.config</span><span style='font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:-1.0pt'>——</span><span
style='letter-spacing:-1.0pt'> </span><span style='font-family:宋体'>应用程序的配置信息文件</span><span
lang=EN-US>(</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>参见本章后面的内容</span><span
lang=EN-US>) </span></p>
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