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25.2 ASP.NET Web窗体(2)
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C#高级编程（第3版）
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25.2 ASP.NET Web窗体(2)
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2006-10-13 14:41:00
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165653.htm'>23.10 小结</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165679.htm'>25.1 ASP.NET概述</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165680.htm'>25.2 ASP.NET Web窗体(1)</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165682.htm'>25.2 ASP.NET Web窗体(3)</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165683.htm'>25.3 ADO.NET和数据绑定</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165684.htm'>25.3.1 更新会议登记应用程序(1)</a></div></div>
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<link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <h3 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:8.15pt;margin-left:
0cm'><a FTEL="_Toc507815269"></a><a FTEL="_Toc507815249"><span lang=EN-US>ASP.NET</span></a><span
style='font-family:黑体'>服务器控件</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><a FTEL=servercontrols><span style='font-family:宋体'>前面生成的代码并不能完成许多工作，所以下面就应添加一些内容。在</span><span
lang=EN-US>VS.NET</span></a><span style='font-family:宋体'>中使用</span><span
lang=EN-US>Web</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>窗体设计器，它支持拖放操作，且添加代码的方式与</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>窗体设计器相同。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>可以添加到</span><span lang=EN-US>ASP.NET</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>页面上的控件有</span><span lang=EN-US>4</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>种类型：</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span
lang=EN-US>HTML</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>服务器控件<span style='letter-spacing:
-1.0pt'>——</span></span><span style='letter-spacing:-1.0pt'> </span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>这些控件模拟</span><span lang=EN-US>HTML</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>元素，</span><span lang=EN-US>HTML</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>开发人员会很熟悉它们。</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.85pt;FTEL:-16.4pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='letter-spacing:.1pt'>Web</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
letter-spacing:.1pt'>服务器控件</span><span style='font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:
-1.0pt'>——</span><span style='letter-spacing:-1.0pt'> </span><span
style='font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:.1pt'>这是一组新的控件，其中一些控件的功能与</span><span
lang=EN-US style='letter-spacing:.1pt'>HTML</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;letter-spacing:.1pt'>控件相同，但它</span><span style='font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:
.1pt'>们有</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>一个公共的命名模式，例如属性和其他元素的命名，便于进行开发，而且可以与相似的</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>窗体控件保持一致。还有一些全新的、功能强大的控件，详见后面的内容。</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>验证控件</span><span style='font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:
-1.0pt'>——</span><span style='letter-spacing:-1.0pt'> </span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>这些控件可以以一种简单的方式对用户输入执行验证。</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.85pt;FTEL:-16.4pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='letter-spacing:.1pt'>●<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:.1pt'>定制控件和用户控件</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:-1.0pt'>——</span><span style='letter-spacing:
-1.0pt'> </span><span style='font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:.1pt'>由开发人员定义的控件，我们可以用第</span><span
lang=EN-US style='letter-spacing:.1pt'>27</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
letter-spacing:.1pt'>章介绍的许多方式来定义它们。</span></p>
<p class=a3 style='margin-top:8.15pt;FTEL:21.45pt'><span
style='font-family:黑体'>提示：</span></p>
<p class=a1 style='FTEL:8.15pt;FTEL:21.45pt'><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>下一节列出了</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>服务器控件和验证控件及其使用说明的完整列表。本章没有介绍</span><span
lang=EN-US>HTML</span><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>控件。这些控件提供的功能，</span><span
lang=EN-US>Web</span><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>服务器也能提供，而且</span><span
lang=EN-US>Web</span><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>服务器控件更适合于编程，而不是进行</span><span
lang=EN-US>HTML</span><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>设计。学会如何使用</span><span
lang=EN-US>Web</span><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>服务器控件后，使用</span><span
lang=EN-US>HTML</span><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>服务器控件就不难了。也可以参阅清华大学出版社出版的《</span><span
lang=EN-US>ASP.NET 1.1</span><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>高级编程》。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>下面在项目中添加两个</span><span
lang=EN-US>Web</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>服务器控件。所有的</span><span
lang=EN-US>Web</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>服务器和验证控件都以下述</span><span
lang=EN-US>XML</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>元素的方式使用：</span></p>
<p class=a6 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:8.15pt;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US><asp:X
runat="server" attribute="value">Contents</asp:X></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>其中</span><span lang=EN-US>X</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>是</span><span lang=EN-US>ASP.NET</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务器控件的名称，</span><span lang=EN-US>attribute=''value'' </span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>是一个或多个属性规范，</span><span lang=EN-US>Contents </span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>指定控件的内容。一些控件可以使用属性和控件元素的内容来设置属性，例如</span><span
lang=EN-US>Label(</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>用于显示简单文本</span><span
lang=EN-US>)</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>，其文本可以用两种方式指定。其他控件可以使用元素包含模式来定义它们的层次结构，例如</span><span
lang=EN-US>Table(</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>定义一个表</span><span
lang=EN-US>)</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>可以包含</span><span lang=EN-US>TableRow</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>元素，指定表中的行。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>注意，控件的语法是基于</span><span
lang=EN-US>XML</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>的</span><span lang=EN-US>(</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>它们也可以内嵌在非</span><span lang=EN-US>XML</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>代码中，例如</span><span lang=EN-US>HTML)</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>。省略闭合标记、空元素</span><span lang=EN-US>/></span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，或者重叠控件，都会产生错误。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>最后，再看看</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务器控件上的</span><span lang=EN-US>runat=''server''</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>属性。把它放在这里和放在其他地方一样重要，遗漏这个属性也会产生错误，结果将是一个不能运行的</span><span
lang=EN-US>Web</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>窗体。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>第一个示例应简单一些。修改</span><span
lang=EN-US>WebForm1.aspx</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>的</span><span
lang=EN-US>HTML</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>设计视图，代码如下。</span></p>
<p class=a6 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:0cm;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:.0001pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span
lang=EN-US><%@ Page language="c#"
Codebehind="WebForm1.aspx.cs" AutoEventWireup="false"</span></p>
<p class=a6 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
Inherits="PCSWebApp1.WebForm1" %></span></p>
<p class=a6 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US><!DOCTYPE
HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" ></span></p>
<p class=a6 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=a6 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US><html></span></p>
<p class=a6 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
<head></span></p>
<p class=a6 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
<title>WebForm1</title></span></p>
<p class=a6 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
<meta FTEL="GENERATOR" Content="Microsoft Visual Studio 7.1"></span></p>
<p class=a6 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
<meta FTEL="CODE</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Baskerville BE Regular"'>_</span><span
lang=EN-US>LANGUAGE" Content="C#"></span></p>
<p class=a6 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
<meta FTEL="vs</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Baskerville BE Regular"'>_</span><span
lang=EN-US>defaultClientScript" content="JavaScript"></span></p>
<p class=a6 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
<meta FTEL="vs</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Baskerville BE Regular"'>_</span><span
lang=EN-US>targetSchema"</span></p>
<p class=a6 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
content="http://schemas.microsoft.com/intellisense/ie5"></span></p>
<p class=a6 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
</head></span></p>
<p class=a6 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
<body MS</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Baskerville BE Regular"'>_</span><span
lang=EN-US>POSITIONING="GridLayout"></span></p>
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