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32.2.1 服务程序
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32.2.1 服务程序
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<div id="text"> <link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><h3 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:8.15pt;margin-left:
0cm'><a FTEL="_Toc507815573"><span lang=EN-US>32.2.1 </span></a><span
style='font-family:黑体'>服务程序</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>在讨论服务的</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:black'>.NET</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
color:black'>实现方式之前，首先讨论服务的</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'>Windows</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>体系和服务的内部功能。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>服务程序实现服务的功能。一般来说，服务程序需要</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:black'>3</span><span style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>个部分：</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>主函数</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span
lang=EN-US>service-main</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>函数</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>处理程序</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>在讨论这些部分前，首先需要介绍</span><span
lang=EN-US>Service Control Manager (SCM)</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>。对于服务来说，</span><span
lang=EN-US> SCM</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>的作用非常重要，它可以把启动服务或停止服务的请求发送给服务。</span></p>
<h4 style='FTEL:21.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>1. Service Control Manager
(SCM)</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Service Control Manager (SCM)</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>是操作系统的一个组成部分，它的作用是与服务进行通信。图</span><span lang=EN-US>32-2</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>阐明了这种通信处理</span><span lang=EN-US>UML</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>序列的方式。</span></p>
<p align=center><span lang=EN-US><img width=272 height=257
src="32/image002.gif"></span></p>
<p align=center style='FTEL:8.15pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>图</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:black'> 32-2</span></p>
<p class=a3 style='margin-top:8.15pt;FTEL:21.45pt'><span
style='font-family:黑体'>提示：</span></p>
<p class=a1 style='FTEL:8.15pt;FTEL:21.45pt'><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>如果将服务设置为自动启动，则在系统启动时，将启动该服务的进程，进而调用该进程的主函数。服务负责为它的每一个服务都注册一个</span><span
lang=EN-US>service-main</span><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>函数。主函数是服务程序的入口，在这里，</span><span
lang=EN-US>service-main</span><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>函数的入口则必须用</span><span
lang=EN-US>SCM</span><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>注册。</span></p>
<h4 style='FTEL:21.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>2. </span><span
style='font-family:黑体'>主函数、</span><span lang=EN-US>service-main</span><span
style='font-family:黑体'>和处理程序</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>服务的主函数可以注册多个</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:black'>service-main</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;color:black'>函数，它必须为所提供的每个服务注册一个</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'>service-main</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>函数。服务程序可以在一个程序中提供许多服务，例如</span><span
lang=EN-US><windows>\system32\ services.exe</span><span style='font-family:
宋体'>这个服务程序就包括</span><span lang=EN-US>Alerter</span><span style='font-family:
宋体'>、</span><span lang=EN-US> Application Management</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>、</span><span lang=EN-US>Computer Browser</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>DHCP Client</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>等服务。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'>SCM</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>现在为每一个应该启动的服务调用</span><span lang=EN-US
style='color:black'>service-main</span><span style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>函数。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:black'>Service-main</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;color:black'>函数包含服务的功能。</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'>service-main</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>函数的一个重要任务是用</span><span lang=EN-US
style='color:black'>SCM</span><span style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>注册处理程序。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>处理程序函数是服务程序的第三部分，处理程序必须对来自</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:black'>SCM</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
color:black'>的事件作出响应。服务可以停止、暂停或重新开始，处理程序必须对这些事件做出响应。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>一旦使用</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:black'>SCM</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
color:black'>注册了处理程序，服务控制程序可以把停止、暂停和继续服务的请求发送给</span><span lang=EN-US
style='color:black'>SCM</span><span style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>。服务控制程序独立于</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:black'>SCM</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
color:black'>和服务本身。在操作系统中有许多服务控制程序，以前介绍的</span><span lang=EN-US
style='color:black'>MMC Services</span><span style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>管理单元就是其中的一个。也可以编写自己的服务控制程序。一个比较好的服务控制程序是</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:black'>SQL Server Service Manager</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>，如图</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:
black'>32-3</span><span style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>所示。</span></p>
<p align=center><span lang=EN-US><img width=200 height=176
src="32/image003.jpg"></span></p>
<p align=center style='FTEL:8.15pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>图</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:black'> 32-3</span></p>
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