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28.3.1 创建COM组件
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28.3.1 创建COM组件
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165719.htm'>28.1.9 事件处理</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165720.htm'>28.2 编组</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165721.htm'>28.3 在.NET客户程序中使用COM组件</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165723.htm'>28.3.2 创建Runtime Callable Wrapper</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165724.htm'>28.3.3 线程问题</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165725.htm'>28.3.4 添加连接点</a></div></div>
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<div id="text"> <link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><h3 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:8.15pt;margin-left:
0cm'><span lang=EN-US>28.3.1 </span><span style='font-family:黑体'>创建</span><span
lang=EN-US>COM</span><span style='font-family:黑体'>组件</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>要用</span><span lang=EN-US>ATL</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>C++</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>创建</span><span lang=EN-US>COM</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>组件，先创建一个新的</span><span lang=EN-US>ATL</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>项目。选择</span><span lang=EN-US>File | New | Project</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>后，就会在</span><span lang=EN-US>Visual C++ Projects</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>组中看到</span><span lang=EN-US>ATL Project</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>向导。把名称设置为</span><span lang=EN-US>COMServer</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>。在</span><span lang=EN-US>Application Settings</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>中，选择</span><span lang=EN-US>Attributed and Dynamic Link
Library</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>，再按下</span><span lang=EN-US>Finish</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>。</span></p>
<p class=a2 style='margin-top:8.15pt;FTEL:21.45pt'><span
style='font-family:黑体'>注意：</span></p>
<p align=center style='FTEL:8.15pt;FTEL:21.45pt'><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>自从</span><span lang=EN-US>Visual Studio .NET 2002</span><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>发布以来，</span><span lang=EN-US>ATL</span><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>提供的特性可以使</span><span lang=EN-US>COM</span><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>服务器的建立更容易。这些特性与</span><span lang=EN-US>.NET</span><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>特性没有共同之处，只用于</span><span lang=EN-US>ATL</span><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>。我们不需要编写单独的</span><span lang=EN-US>IDL</span><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>文件和定义接口的</span><span lang=EN-US>C++</span><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>文件，只需要定义一个</span><span lang=EN-US>C++</span><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>文件，其中就包含了</span><span lang=EN-US>COM</span><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>需要的特性。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>ATL Project</span><span style='font-family:
宋体'>向导刚才已为服务器创建了基础代码。还需要一个</span><span lang=EN-US>COM</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>对象。在</span><span lang=EN-US>Solution Explorer</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>中添加一个类，选择</span><span lang=EN-US>ATL Simple Object</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>。在打开的对话框中，为</span><span lang=EN-US>Short name</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>字段输入</span><span lang=EN-US>COMDemo</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>。其他字段都是自动填充的，但把接口名改为</span><span lang=EN-US>IWelcome</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，如图</span><span lang=EN-US>28-7</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>所示。</span></p>
<p class=a><span lang=EN-US><img width=423 height=298
src="28/image008.jpg"></span></p>
<p class=10><span style='font-family:宋体'>图</span><span lang=EN-US> 28-7</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>COM</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>组件提供了两个接口，所以可以看到</span><span
lang=EN-US>QueryInterface()</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>方法是如何在</span><span
lang=EN-US>.NET</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>中映射的。</span><span
lang=EN-US>COM</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>组件还提供了</span><span
lang=EN-US>3</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>个简单的方法，所以我们可以看到交互操作是如何进行的。在</span><span
lang=EN-US>Class</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>视图中，选择接口</span><span
lang=EN-US>IWelcome</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>，添加方法</span><span
lang=EN-US>Greeting()</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>，如图</span><span
lang=EN-US>28-7</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>所示，该方法有</span><span
lang=EN-US>3</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>个参数：</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:8.15pt;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>HRESULT Greeting([in]
BSTR name, [out, retval] BSTR* message);</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>向导在文件</span><span lang=EN-US>COMDemo.h</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>中生成的代码如下所示。惟一标识符</span><span lang=EN-US>uuid</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>会有所不同。</span><span lang=EN-US>Iwelcome</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>接口定义了方法</span><span lang=EN-US>Greeting()</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>。关键字</span><span lang=EN-US>__interface</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>之前的方括号定义了接口的一些特性。</span><span lang=EN-US>Uuid</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>定义了接口的</span><span lang=EN-US>ID</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，</span><span lang=EN-US>dual</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>标识了接口的类型。</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:0cm;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:.0001pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span
lang=EN-US>//COMDemo.h : Declaration of the CCOMDemo</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>#pragma
once</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>#include
"resource.h"
//main symbols</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>//IWelcome</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>[</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>object,</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
uuid("015ED275-3DE6-4716-A6FA-4EBC71E4A8EA"),</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
dual, helpstring("IWelcome Interface"),</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
pointer_default(unique)</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>]</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>__interface
IWelcome : IDispatch</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>{</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
[id(1), helpstring("method Greeting")] HRESULT Greeting([in] BSTR
name, [out,</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US> retval]
BSTR* message);</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:8.15pt;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>};</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>类</span><span lang=EN-US>CCOMDemo</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>也位于文件</span><span lang=EN-US>COMDemo.h</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>中。类的头文件部分中的特性</span><span lang=EN-US>uuid()</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>定义了</span><span lang=EN-US>CLSID</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>。特性</span><span lang=EN-US>vi_progid</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>progid</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>给要写入注册表的</span><span lang=EN-US>progid</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>指定了名称。</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:0cm;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:.0001pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span
lang=EN-US>//CCOMDemo</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>[</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
coclass,</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
threading("apartment"),</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
vi_progid("COMServer.COMDemo"),</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
progid("COMServer.COMDemo.1"),</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
version(1.0),</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
uuid("2388AAA8-AD72-4022-948D-555316F708E8"),</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
helpstring("COMDemo Class")</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>]</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>class
ATL_NO_VTABLE CCOMDemo :</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
public IWelcome</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>{</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>public:</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
CCOMDemo()</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
{</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:27.65pt'><span lang=EN-US>}</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>DECLARE_PROTECT_FINAL_CONSTRYCT()</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>HRESULT
FinalConstruct()</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>{</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
return S_OK;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>}</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>void
FinalRelease()</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:27.65pt'><span lang=EN-US>{</span></p>
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