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28.1.7 线程
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28.1.7 线程
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2006-10-13 14:41:00
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165714.htm'>28.1.4 方法绑定</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165715.htm'>28.1.5 数据类型</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165716.htm'>28.1.6 注册</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165718.htm'>28.1.8 错误处理</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165719.htm'>28.1.9 事件处理</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165720.htm'>28.2 编组</a></div></div>
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<div id="text"> <link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><h3 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:8.15pt;margin-left:
0cm'><span lang=EN-US>28.1.7 </span><span style='font-family:黑体'>线程</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>COM</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>使用了单元模型，这样程序员就不必考虑线程问题了。但是，这也增加了复杂性。不同的操作系统版本添加了不同的单元类型。所以必须说明单线程单元和多线程单元。</span></p>
<h4 style='FTEL:21.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>1. </span><span
style='font-family:黑体'>单线程单元</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>单线程单元</span><span lang=EN-US>(STA)</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>是在</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows NT 3.51</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>中引入的。在</span><span lang=EN-US>STA</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>中，只允许一个线程</span><span lang=EN-US>(</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>创建实例的线程</span><span lang=EN-US>)</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>访问组件。但是，在一个进程中允许有多个单线程单元，如图</span><span lang=EN-US>28-4</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>所示。</span></p>
<p class=a><span lang=EN-US><img width=252 height=366
src="28/image004.gif"></span></p>
<p class=10><span style='font-family:宋体'>图</span><span lang=EN-US> 28-4</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>在</span><span lang=EN-US>STA</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>中，不需要考虑多个线程访问实例变量的问题，因为这种保护是由</span><span lang=EN-US>COM</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>特性实现的，只有一个线程可以访问组件。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>COM</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>对象在编程时不是线程安全的，因此</span><span
lang=EN-US>STA</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>需要在注册表中把注册键</span><span
lang=EN-US>ThreadingModel</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>设置为</span><span
lang=EN-US>Apartment</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>。</span></p>
<h4 style='FTEL:21.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>2. </span><span
style='font-family:黑体'>多线程单元</span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Windows NT 4.0</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>引入了多线程单元</span><span lang=EN-US>(MTA)</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>的概念。在</span><span lang=EN-US>MTA</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>中，多个线程可以同时访问组件。图</span><span lang=EN-US>28-5</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>显示了带一个</span><span lang=EN-US>MTA</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>和两个</span><span lang=EN-US>STA</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>的进程。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>COM</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>对象在编程时是线程安全的，因此</span><span
lang=EN-US>MTA</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>需要在注册表中把键</span><span
lang=EN-US>ThreadingModel</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>设置为</span><span
lang=EN-US>Free</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>。值</span><span lang=EN-US>Both</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>用于不考虑单元类型的线程安全的</span><span lang=EN-US>COM</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>对象。</span></p>
<p class=a2 style='margin-top:8.15pt;FTEL:21.45pt'><span
style='font-family:黑体'>注意：</span></p>
<p align=center style='FTEL:8.15pt;FTEL:21.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>Vasual
Basic 6.0</span><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312'>不支持多线程单元。</span></p>
<p class=a><span lang=EN-US><img width=313 height=366
src="28/image005.gif"></span></p>
<p class=10><span style='font-family:宋体'>图</span><span lang=EN-US> 28-5</span></p>
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