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23.7.2 System.Xml.Xsl命名空间
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23.7.2 System.Xml.Xsl命名空间
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165643.htm'>23.6 在.NET中使用DOM</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165644.htm'>23.7 在NET中使用XPath和XSLT</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165645.htm'>23.7.1 System.Xml.XPath命名空间</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165647.htm'>23.8 XML和ADO.NET</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165648.htm'>23.8.1 将ADO.NET数据转换为XML文档(1)</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165649.htm'>23.8.1 将ADO.NET数据转换为XML文档(2)</a></div></div>
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<link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><h3 style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 8.15pt"><span lang="EN-US">23.7.2 System.Xml.Xsl</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">命名空间</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a ftel="XslTransform"></a><span lang="EN-US">System.Xml.Xsl</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">命名空间包含</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET Framework</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">用于支持</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: 0.1pt">XSL Transform</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.1pt">的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">类。这个命名空间中的类可以和任何实现</span><span lang="EN-US">IXPathNavigable</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">接口的存储器一起使用。在目前的</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET Framework</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中，包含</span><span lang="EN-US">XmlDocument</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</span><span lang="EN-US">XmlDataDocument</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和</span><span lang="EN-US"> XPathDocument</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。与</span><span lang="EN-US">XPath</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">一样，应使用最有效的存储器。如果计划创建一个定制存储器，例如文件系统，并进行一定的转换，就应在类中实现</span><span lang="EN-US">IXPathNavigable</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">接口。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">XSL</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">建立在一个流拉模式</span><span lang="EN-US">(streaming pull mode)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">上。因此，可以把几个转换链接在一起。如果需要，甚至可以在转换之间应用一个定制阅读器，这样在设计时就会有很大的灵活性。</span></p>
<h4 style="FTEL: 21.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">1. </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">转换</span><span lang="EN-US">XML</span></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">第一个示例获取</span><span lang="EN-US">books.xml</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">文档，并使用</span><span lang="EN-US">XSLT</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">文件</span><span lang="EN-US">book.xsl</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">把它转换为一个简单的</span><span lang="EN-US">HTML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">文档，以进行显示</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">这段代码在</span><span lang="EN-US">XPathXSLSample3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">文件夹中</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，需要添加如下</span><span lang="EN-US">using</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">语句：</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">using System.IO;</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">using System.Xml.Xsl;</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">using System.Xml.XPath;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">下面是执行转换的代码：</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">private void button1</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Baskerville BE Regular'">_</span><span lang="EN-US">Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">{</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> //create the new XPathDocument</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> XPathDocument doc = new XPathDocument("..\\..\\..\\booksxpath.xml");</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> //create a new XslTransForm</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> XslTransform transForm = new XslTransform();</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> transForm.Load("..\\..\\..\\books.xsl");</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> //this FileStream will be our output</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> FileStream fs=new FileStream("..\\..\\..\\booklist.html", </span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> FileMode.Create);</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> //Create the navigator</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> XPathNavigator nav = doc.CreateNavigator();</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> //Do the transform. The output file is created here</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> transForm.Transform(nav, null, fs);</span></p>
<p class="2" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US">}</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">这就是一个简单的转换。创建一个基于</span><span lang="EN-US">XPathDocument</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的对象和一个基于</span><span lang="EN-US">XslTransform</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的<span style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">对象。把</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">booksxpath.xml</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">文件加载到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">XPathDocument</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">上，把</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">books.xsl</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">文件加载到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">XslTransform</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt">上。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在本例中，再创建一个</span><span lang="EN-US">FileStream</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对象，把新</span><span lang="EN-US">HTML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">文档写入磁盘。如果这是一个</span><span lang="EN-US">ASP.NET</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">应用程序，就可以使用</span><span lang="EN-US">TextWriter</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对象，把它传递给</span><span lang="EN-US">HttpResponse</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对象。如果要转换为另一个</span><span lang="EN-US">XML</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">文档，就可以使用一个基于</span><span lang="EN-US">XmlWriter</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的对象。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">准备好</span><span lang="EN-US">XPathDocument </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和</span><span lang="EN-US"> XslTransform</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对象后，就在</span><span lang="EN-US">XPathDocument</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">上创建</span><span lang="EN-US">XPathNavigator</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，并把</span><span lang="EN-US">XPathNavigator</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和</span><span lang="EN-US">Fliestream</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">传送给</span><span lang="EN-US">XslTransForm</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对象的</span><span lang="EN-US">Transform</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">方法。</span><span lang="EN-US">Transform()</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">有几个重载方法，其参数是浏览器、</span><span lang="EN-US">XsltArgumentList (</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">详见后面的讨论</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</span><span lang="EN-US">IO</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">流和</span><span lang="EN-US">XmlResolver</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的组合。浏览器参数可以是</span><span lang="EN-US">XPathNavigator</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">或执行</span><span lang="EN-US">IXPathNavigable</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">接口的其他对象。</span><span lang="EN-US">IO</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">流可以是基于</span><span lang="EN-US">TextWriter</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</span><span lang="EN-US">Stream</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">或</span><span lang="EN-US">XmlWriter</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的对象。</span><span lang="EN-US">XmlResolver</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">处理安全性，打开数据源，返回数据或流。在</span><span lang="EN-US">.NET Framework 1.0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中，</span><span lang="EN-US">XmlResolver</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">参数不是必须的。</span><span lang="EN-US">TransForm</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">方法的所有版本都受到非议，现在</span><span lang="EN-US">XmlResolver</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">参数是必须的，但如果不需要</span><span lang="EN-US">XmlResolver</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的特性即安全性和凭证管理，可以把它设置为</span><span lang="EN-US">null</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">books.xsl</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">文档是一个很简单的样式表，如下所示：</span></p>
<p class="a6" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; BACKGROUND: #f2f2f2; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"><xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" </span></p>
<p class="a6" style="BACKGROUND: #f2f2f2; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"></span></p>
<p class="a6" style="BACKGROUND: #f2f2f2; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"><xsl:template match="/"></span></p>
<p class="a6" style="BACKGROUND: #f2f2f2; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> <html></span></p>
<p class="a6" style="BACKGROUND: #f2f2f2; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> <head></span></p>
<p class="a6" style="BACKGROUND: #f2f2f2; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> <title>Price List</title></span></p>
<p class="a6" style="BACKGROUND: #f2f2f2; MARGIN-LEFT: 21.45pt; FTEL: 18.45pt"><span lang="EN-US"> </head></span></p>
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